Methionine metabolism, functions, and application in swine

Area of Science:

• Animal Nutrition and Metabolism
• Swine Production
• Biochemistry

Background:

• Methionine (Met) is an essential sulfur-containing amino acid, crucial for protein synthesis and methyl donation in animals.
• Met is a limiting amino acid in swine diets and can be converted to S-adenosylmethionine (SAM) and homocysteine (Hcy), influencing biological functions.
• While Met and SAM offer health benefits, elevated Hcy can induce oxidative stress and negatively impact reproductive performance.

Purpose of the Study:

• To review recent advancements in the application of methionine and its derivatives in the swine industry.
• To explore the mechanisms of action and optimal dosages of methionine as a feed additive.
• To support the effective development and rational utilization of methionine in pig production.

Main Methods:

• Literature review summarizing recent research on methionine and its derivatives in swine.
• Analysis of the biochemical roles and metabolic pathways of methionine, SAM, and Hcy.
• Evaluation of health-promoting effects and optimal supplementation levels in swine.

Main Results:

• Methionine and SAM supplementation enhance reproductive performance, intestinal morphology, hepatic lipid metabolism, muscle growth, and meat quality in pigs.
• Elevated homocysteine levels are associated with increased oxidative stress, inflammation, and adverse reproductive outcomes.
• Supplemental methionine is widely used in swine production, with ongoing research into optimal application and dosage.

Conclusions:

• Methionine plays a vital role in swine health and productivity through protein synthesis and methyl donation.
• Strategic supplementation with methionine or SAM can yield significant health and performance benefits.
• Understanding methionine's metabolic pathways and managing homocysteine levels are critical for optimizing its use as a feed additive.