Design and performance of two stages square cut rectangular multiband microstrip fractal antenna

Area of Science:

• Electrical Engineering
• Electromagnetics
• Antenna Theory

Background:

• Modern wireless systems demand compact, low-profile, multiband antennas.
• Traditional single-band antennas lack the necessary bandwidth for many applications.

Purpose of the Study:

• To introduce a novel two-stage square-cut fractal microstrip antenna design.
• To enhance antenna performance, including bandwidth and radiation efficiency, without increasing size.

Main Methods:

• Utilized a two-stage square-cut fractal geometry with periodical edge etching and internal slotting.
• Employed Finite Element Method (FEM)-based simulation for analysis.
• Integrated two fractal geometries with a single feed line.

Main Results:

• Achieved dual-band operation in the S-band (2.4263-3.2018 GHz) and C-band (5.3789-7.2308 GHz), totaling approximately 3.7 GHz bandwidth.
• Maintained stable gain (approx. 6 dB in S-band, 7.5 dB in C-band) with return loss below -10 dB and VSWR under 2.
• Demonstrated minimal power reflection and impedance matching within 51Ω.

Conclusions:

• The designed antenna offers a scalable platform for reconfigurable and flexible antenna systems.
• The fractal geometry effectively increases electrical length and radiation efficiency.
• The design meets the requirements for compact, high-performance multiband wireless applications.