Recent Advances in Metal-Organic Framework Nanozyme (MOFzyme)-Based Biosensors for Detecting Food Contaminants

Ensuring food safety and freshness demands highly sensitive and reliable biosensors for food contaminant detection, where signal probes act as vital elements in this endeavor. Metal-organic framework nanozymes (MOFzymes) have emerged as signal probes owing to their highly tunable porosity, component versatility for modulating enzyme-like activity, and customizable surface modifications. This review systematically encapsulates MOFzyme-based biosensors for the identification of diverse food pollutants. An overview of various kinds of MOFzymes, encompassing both pristine and postmodified variations, is provided, alongside the techniques for modulating and enhancing their peroxidase-mimicking properties. The advancement of biosensing technologies for the detection of food hazards is elucidated to offer a comprehensive introduction. Furthermore, several detection modalities originating from MOFzyme-based biosensing approaches are introduced, with a specific focus on multiple detection modes. MOFzyme-based biosensing methods have been introduced for the detection of contaminants, including bacterial pathogens, mycotoxins, pesticides, and antibiotics. This research highlights innovative engineering techniques that utilize the synergistic properties of MOFzymes to develop integrated biosensors for food contaminants. These developments enable ultrasensitive and multiplexed detection of pollutants in complex food matrices, exceeding the limitations of existing assays through enhanced catalytic efficiency and signal amplification.