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Muscles of the Shoulder

Muscles of the Shoulder

The muscles surrounding the shoulder girdle, including the clavicle and scapula, primarily stabilize the scapula. This stable base allows other muscles to move the humerus effectively. Scapular movements often mirror those of the humerus and extend its range of motion. For instance, raising the arm above the head would not be feasible without simultaneous upward rotation of the scapula.
Anterior Thoracic Muscles
The anterior thoracic muscles include the serratus anterior, subclavius, and...

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Evaluation of a Smartphone-based Human Activity Recognition System in a Daily Living Environment

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Published on: December 11, 2015

The Mobile Constant, a Self-Reported Method for Shoulder Function Evaluation: Development and Validation Study.

Jingyuan Fan¹, Tao Zhang², Fanbin Gu¹

¹Department of Microsurgery, Orthopedic Trauma and Hand Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.

Journal of Medical Internet Research

|September 3, 2025

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

A new automated system using mobile sensors reliably assesses shoulder function, matching human rater accuracy for continuous patient monitoring and improved quality of life.

Keywords:

Constant-Murley Scale machine learning pose estimation shoulder function evaluation telemonitoring

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Last Updated: Apr 14, 2026

Evaluation of a Smartphone-based Human Activity Recognition System in a Daily Living Environment

Evaluation of a Smartphone-based Human Activity Recognition System in a Daily Living Environment

Published on: December 11, 2015

Video Movement Analysis Using Smartphones ViMAS: A Pilot Study

Video Movement Analysis Using Smartphones ViMAS: A Pilot Study

Published on: March 14, 2017

Home-Based Monitor for Gait and Activity Analysis

Home-Based Monitor for Gait and Activity Analysis

Published on: August 8, 2019

Area of Science:

Biomedical Engineering
Musculoskeletal Disorders
Digital Health

Background:

Shoulder pain is a common issue impacting quality of life.
Current evaluation methods require clinician involvement, limiting continuous monitoring.
Advancements in pose estimation and sensors enable automated assessments.

Purpose of the Study:

Introduce Mobile Constant, an automated system for shoulder function assessment.
Utilize movement images and inertial sensor data for objective measurements.
Evaluate the system's reliability against standard human rater assessments.

Main Methods:

Integrated subjective questionnaires, range-of-motion, and strength analysis.
Collected data from 141 patients across training, internal, and external validation sets.
Developed six machine learning models and assessed reliability using Cohen κ and ICCs.

Main Results:

Mobile Constant showed fair to substantial reliability for range-of-motion (κ: 0.498–0.819, ICC: 0.898–0.956).
Abduction strength assessment demonstrated substantial reliability (κ: 0.707–0.809, ICC: 0.759–0.906).
The system achieved substantial agreement with experienced human raters.

Conclusions:

The automated system provides reliable, patient-conducted shoulder function assessments.
Mobile Constant shows strong potential for remote patient monitoring.
This technology can improve continuous management of shoulder conditions.