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Related Concept Videos

Electromagnetic Waves in Matter01:30

Electromagnetic Waves in Matter

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Electromagnetic waves can travel in the vacuum as well as in matter. For example light, which is an electromagnetic wave, can travel through air, water, or glass.
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Paramagnets are materials with unpaired electrons that possess a finite magnetic moment. In the absence of a magnetic field, these moments are randomly oriented, and thus the net moment is zero. Under an external field, a torque acting on the moments tends to align them along the field's direction. However, the random thermal motion of electrons produces a torque opposite to the external field and tries to disorient the moments. These two competing effects align only a few moments along the...
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Potential Due to a Polarized Object01:29

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A neutral atom consists of a positively charged nucleus surrounded by a negatively charged electron cloud. When placed in an external electric field, the external electric force pulls the electrons and nucleus apart, opposite to the intrinsic attraction between the nucleus and the electrons. The opposing forces balance each other with a slight shift between the center of masses of the nucleus and the electron cloud, resulting in a polarized atom. On the other hand, a few molecules, like water,...
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Updated: Sep 9, 2025

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Long-range quantum entanglement in dielectric mu-near-zero metamaterials.

Olivia Mello1, Larissa Vertchenko2, Seth Nelson3

  • 1John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, 9 Oxford Street, Cambridge, MA, 02138, USA.

Light, Science & Applications
|September 3, 2025
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We developed a new dielectric platform using mu near-zero metamaterials to extend quantum entanglement over long distances. This approach significantly enhances entanglement range for on-chip quantum information processing, overcoming limitations of previous plasmonic systems.

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Area of Science:

  • Quantum Information Science
  • Metamaterials
  • Quantum Optics

Background:

  • Quantum entanglement is crucial for quantum information processing but is limited by spatial decoherence and dissipation.
  • Existing solutions often rely on plasmonic waveguides, which suffer from inherent losses.
  • Long-range entanglement is essential for developing scalable on-chip quantum technologies.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To propose and demonstrate a novel, fully dielectric platform for achieving long-range quantum entanglement.
  • To overcome the limitations of lossy plasmonic systems using epsilon near-zero (ENZ) and mu near-zero (MNZ) metamaterials.
  • To enhance the range and robustness of entanglement for on-chip quantum information processing, specifically compatible with Nitrogen Vacancy (NV) diamond centers.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized a fully dielectric platform incorporating mu near-zero (MNZ) metamaterials.
  • Investigated entanglement properties using Nitrogen Vacancy (NV) diamond centers integrated on-chip.
  • Evaluated transient and steady-state concurrence and the zero time delay second order correlation function (g 12 ( 2 ) ( 0 )).

Main Results:

  • Achieved entanglement over a distance exceeding 17 free-space wavelengths (approximately 12.5 µm).
  • Demonstrated an order of magnitude enhancement in entanglement concurrence compared to previous works.
  • Observed an antibunching signature in the second-order correlation function, indicating high-quality entanglement.

Conclusions:

  • The proposed dielectric MNZ platform offers a significant advancement for long-range quantum entanglement.
  • This technology is compatible with on-chip quantum systems like NV diamond centers, paving the way for practical quantum information processing.
  • The enhanced entanglement range and quality represent a breakthrough in overcoming decoherence and dissipation challenges.