Dual-Mode Hybrid Discharge Plasma-Activated Injectable Hydrosol for Enhanced Immunotherapeutic Cancer Therapy.

Area of Science:

• Biomedical Engineering
• Immunology
• Plasma Physics

Background:

• Cold atmospheric plasma (CAP) shows promise for tumor immunotherapy through reactive oxygen and nitrogen species (RONS).
• Clinical application of CAP is limited by challenges in RONS generation and delivery.
• Developing effective strategies to harness RONS for cancer treatment is crucial.

Purpose of the Study:

• To propose a dual-mode hybrid discharge plasma-activated sodium alginate hydrosols (PAH SA) for enhanced antitumor immune response.
• To investigate the conversion of gaseous RONS into aqueous RONS within the hydrosols.
• To evaluate the efficacy of the proposed method in vitro and in vivo.

Main Methods:

• A dual-mode hybrid plasma system was employed, combining ozone (O3) and nitrogen oxides (NOx) modes.
• Plasma-activated sodium alginate hydrosols (PAH SA) were generated via gas-liquid reactions.
• In vitro assays assessed cancer cell death and macrophage polarization.
• In vivo studies utilized B16F10 melanoma models to evaluate tumor growth inhibition and immune responses.

Main Results:

• Hybrid-PAH SA demonstrated superior induction of immunogenic cell death in cancer cells compared to single-mode activated hydrosols.
• Hybrid-PAH SA effectively mediated the polarization of M2-like macrophages to M1-like macrophages.
• In vivo studies showed significant inhibition of B16F10 melanoma growth.
• Enhanced T-cell-mediated antitumor immune responses were observed with Hybrid-PAH SA treatment.

Conclusions:

• The dual-mode hybrid discharge plasma-activated sodium alginate hydrosols (Hybrid-PAH SA) represent a promising strategy for cancer immunotherapy.
• This approach effectively enhances the generation and delivery of RONS for improved antitumor effects.
• Hybrid-PAH SA offers a potential platform for advancing plasma-based cancer treatment.