The specialization of emergency medical services in Iran: A qualitative study

The specialization of emergency medical services (EMS) in the areas of cardiac and neurological disorders, accidents, and toxicology has emerged as a recent challenge. The provision of these specialized services enhances patient care quality and outcomes. This study was conducted with the aim of examining the opinions and insights of experts, technicians, and policymakers involved in these services.

This qualitative research was undertaken across Isfahan, Tehran, Yazd, Kerman, and Shiraz from February to August 2023. Data were gathered through purposive sampling via semi-structured interviews with 30 participants. The data were subsequently analyzed using a content analysis methodology with the aid of MAXQDA 20 software.

The analysis yielded four primary themes: 1. Infrastructure, encompassing key categories such as Ambulance Services, Specialized Bases, Access Routes, and Communication Systems; 2. Human Resources, including key categories related to Employment and Remuneration; 3. Medical Specialization, comprising key categories of Specialized Medical Services and Specialized Medical Equipment; and 4. Management, including key categories of Education, Personnel, Motivation, Functionality, and Interdepartmental Cooperation.

The participants opined that the provision of specialized services necessitates a multifaceted approach. The policymakers are advised to employ a specialized team consisting of physicians, trained nurses, and experienced technicians with the support of logistical facilities, equipment, and communication systems. Ultimately, effective management and coordination within this system are crucial to achieving EMS specialization.