Bladder Leiomyoma Presenting with Recurrent Cystitis: A Case Report

Non-epithelial bladder neoplasms are rare, and there are only approximately 250 cases of bladder leiomyoma reported in the English literature. We present a case of bladder leiomyoma in a patient with recurrent acute cystitis.

A 53-year-old woman presented to a local clinic with frequent urination and dysuria and was diagnosed with acute cystitis. Her symptoms temporarily improved after taking oral antibiotics, but then flared up repeatedly. Contrast-enhanced computed tomography showed a bladder neck leiomyoma and multiple uterine fibroids. Her body mass index was 27.0 kg/m². The patient successfully underwent transurethral resection of the tumor. The histopathological diagnosis was bladder leiomyoma.

There have been few cases of bladder leiomyoma coexisting with urinary tract infection and uterine fibroids. Our findings suggest that female hormones, which might increase body weight and cause fatty liver, are associated with the growth of bladder leiomyomas. If a patient has recurrent urinary tract infection, a bladder leiomyoma should be included in the differential diagnoses.