Challenges in using massively parallel sequencing technology for forensic DNA analysis in Southeast Asia

Area of Science:

• Forensic Science
• Genetics
• Molecular Biology

Background:

• Massively parallel sequencing (MPS) offers higher resolution in forensic DNA analysis.
• Adoption of MPS technology in Southeast Asian forensic laboratories remains limited.
• Existing national DNA databases often rely on short tandem repeat (STR) markers analyzed via capillary electrophoresis (CE).

Purpose of the Study:

• To review the current implementation of MPS in forensic DNA laboratories across Southeast Asia.
• To identify and discuss the key challenges hindering MPS adoption in the region.
• To propose strategies for expanding the use of MPS in forensic casework and databasing.

Main Methods:

• An online survey was conducted with the Asian Forensic Sciences Network - DNA Workgroup (AFSN-DNAWG).
• Nineteen responses were collected from forensic DNA laboratories in seven Southeast Asian countries.
• Survey data was analyzed to identify current MPS users, non-users, and adoption challenges.

Main Results:

• Eight of the surveyed laboratories are currently using MPS, while ten non-users plan adoption within five years.
• Key challenges for MPS users include limited population data, lack of standardized nomenclature, and database incompatibility.
• Non-users face barriers such as limited infrastructure, financial constraints, and insufficient training.

Conclusions:

• A phased approach combining CE-based profiling for routine cases and MPS for complex cases is recommended.
• Establishing dedicated MPS-capable forensic laboratories per country and fostering regional collaboration are crucial.
• These strategies aim to facilitate the integration of MPS into forensic databasing and casework across Southeast Asia.