The Potential Application of Prebiotic Stevia rebaudiana in Aquaculture and Animal Feed

Aquaculture and animal producers are increasingly exploring natural additives such as Stevia rebaudiana for their health-promoting and sustainability-enhancing roles. Known primarily as a sweetener, S. rebaudiana also contains bioactive compounds, such as stevioside and rebaudioside A (Reb A), which exhibit antibacterial, antioxidant, immunomodulatory, and metabolic benefits. Recent studies suggest that these compounds may also exert prebiotic-like activities by modulating the gut microbiota, promoting the growth of beneficial bacterial populations (e.g., Lactobacillus, Bifidobacterium spp.), and improving intestinal integrity, thereby contributing to enhanced nutrient absorption and immune competence. This review highlights the potential of S. rebaudiana in animal feed and aquaculture, demonstrating its ability to enhance growth performance, strengthen immune systems, regulate fat metabolism, and improve overall animal health. Its role as a functional feed ingredient is further emphasized by its capacity to reduce oxidative stress and enhance product quality in both aquatic and terrestrial species (e.g., carp, mullet, tilapia, shrimp, laying hens, broiler, and goats), all of which align with established markers of prebiotic efficacy. By incorporating S. rebaudiana into animal and aquaculture diets, producers may not only improve animal productivity and welfare but also address sustainability challenges by reducing reliance on synthetic additives and antibiotics. Thus, S. rebaudiana represents a promising, multifunctional ingredient with potential prebiotic activity, supporting both animal health and environmentally responsible agricultural practices.