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Novel Techniques for Observing Structural Dynamics of Photoresponsive Liquid Crystals
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Wavelength Selective Single Molecule Photobase/Photoacid Generator Enabling Dynamic Control of Soft Matter Materials

Mamata Ojha1, Wai Lean Koay2, Bhaskar Biswas1

  • 1Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur, West Bengal, 721302, India.

Angewandte Chemie (International Ed. in English)
|September 9, 2025
PubMed
Summary

Researchers developed a novel benzophenazine system for sequential, wavelength-selective release of acid and base. This breakthrough enables precise control over polymer properties and advanced soft matter engineering.

Keywords:
AdhesivesPhotobase/Photoacid generatorPhoto‐polymerization/DepolymerizationSingle‐component systemWavelength selective

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Area of Science:

  • Photochemistry
  • Polymer Science
  • Materials Science

Background:

  • Photoremovable protecting groups (PRPGs) offer spatiotemporal control for molecular release and activation.
  • Wavelength-selective PRPGs enable sequential deprotection, expanding applications in drug delivery, material synthesis, and photopolymerization.
  • PRPGs are vital in photobase generators (PBGs) and photoacid generators (PAGs) for controlled polymerization/depolymerization via light-induced acid/base release.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To present a novel benzophenazine-based photocleavable system.
  • To achieve sequential, wavelength-selective release of both a base and an acid.
  • To demonstrate the system's versatility in modulating soft matter properties.

Main Methods:

  • Design of a benzophenazine core integrating 1,1,3,3-tetramethylguanidine (TMG) and p-toluene sulfonic acid functionalities.
  • Independent uncaging of TMG and p-toluene sulfonic acid upon irradiation with blue (≥ 410 nm) and UV (≥ 310 nm) light, respectively.
  • Demonstration of wavelength-selective polymer crosslinking, degradation, and debonding-on-demand adhesives.

Main Results:

  • Successful development of a dual-responsive photocleavable system based on benzophenazine.
  • Independent and sequential release of a base (TMG) and an acid (p-toluene sulfonic acid) triggered by specific wavelengths.
  • Effective modulation of soft matter properties, including polymer crosslinking, degradation, and adhesive debonding, using wavelength-selective light stimuli.

Conclusions:

  • This work establishes a new platform for advanced photochemical control over polymeric transformations.
  • The dual-responsive system offers unprecedented control for responsive soft matter engineering.
  • Potential applications span advanced materials, drug delivery, and sophisticated photolithography techniques.