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Formation of Intermediate Filaments

Formation of Intermediate Filaments

Intermediate filaments are cytoskeletal proteins with higher tensile strength and flexibility than microfilaments and microtubules. Unlike the other two cytoskeletal proteins, intermediate filament formation lacks the enzymatic activity to hydrolyze nucleotides like ATP and GTP to generate energy for polymerization. Therefore, the formation of intermediate filaments is multistep self-assembly. The involvement of any accessory proteins in intermediate filament formation has not yet been reported.

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 12, 2026

A Technique to Functionalize and Self-assemble Macroscopic Nanoparticle-ligand Monolayer Films onto Template-free Substrates

A Technique to Functionalize and Self-assemble Macroscopic Nanoparticle-ligand Monolayer Films onto Template-free Substrates

Published on: May 9, 2014

Plasmene nanosheets assembled from "plasmonic molecules".

Qianqian Shi¹, Bo Fan², Xiaorui Cao³

¹School of Environmental and Life Sciences, University of Newcastle, Callaghan 2308, New South Wales, Australia. qianqian.shi@newcastle.edu.au.

Nanoscale Horizons

|September 10, 2025

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Researchers developed a new method for creating ordered 2D binary nanocrystal assemblies. This combined enthalpy and entropy strategy precisely controls nanoscale mixing in plasmonic materials.

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Colloidal Synthesis of Nanopatch Antennas for Applications in Plasmonics and Nanophotonics

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Last Updated: May 12, 2026

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Colloidal Synthesis of Nanopatch Antennas for Applications in Plasmonics and Nanophotonics

Colloidal Synthesis of Nanopatch Antennas for Applications in Plasmonics and Nanophotonics

Published on: May 28, 2016

Area of Science:

Materials Science
Nanotechnology
Physical Chemistry

Background:

Entropy-driven self-assembly of plasmonic nanocrystals forms plasmene nanosheets.
Fabricating binary systems with dissimilar nanocrystal shapes is challenging due to complex interactions.

Purpose of the Study:

To develop a strategy for ordered 2D binary nanoassemblies using complementary polymer-ligated nanocrystals.
To overcome challenges in mixing dissimilar nanocrystal shapes for advanced plasmonic materials.

Main Methods:

A combined enthalpy- and entropy-driven strategy was employed.
Synthesis of "plasmonic molecules" via stoichiometric reactions between complementary grafting polymers.
Entropy-driven, slow-drying-mediated assembly of "plasmonic molecules" for binary plasmenes.

Main Results:

Achieved orderly mixed 2D binary nanoassemblies from nanocubes and nanospheres.
Successfully created well-controlled binary plasmenes without phase separation.
Demonstrated the method's potential for diverse building block shapes and sizes.

Conclusions:

The new strategy enables precise nanoscale mixing in 2D nanocrystal assemblies.
This approach offers a pathway for fabricating advanced binary plasmonic materials.
The methodology is extendable to various nanocrystal systems and scales.