Related Experiment Video
Updated: Jan 18, 2026

A Two-Step Protocol for Umpolung Functionalization of Ketones Via Enolonium Species
Published on: August 16, 2018
Umpolung Approach for the α-Alkylation of Benzylic Amines Enabled by Superelectron Donors
Wenjuan Xiao1, Wen Liu1, Xi Chen2
1College of Science, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China.
Abstract:
Herein we describe a general transition-metal-free umpolung protocol for the synthesis of α-alkylated benzylic amines. By employing two distinct classes of ketimines and easily available alkyl thianthrenium salts as substrates, this method provides a flexible and straightforward approach to access structurally diverse α-alkylated benzylic amines under mild reaction conditions with high efficiency. Furthermore, this methodology could be extended to the regioselective alkylation of allylic amines and a-amino acid derivatives. Mechanistic investigations suggest that the deprotonated ketimines act as super electron donors (SEDs), engaging in intermolecular single-electron transfer (SET) with alkyl thianthrenium salts to generate key radical intermediates, which play a pivotal role in the base-promoted reaction pathway.
More Related Videos
05:34Efficient Synthesis of Polyfunctionalized Benzenes in Water via Persulfate-promoted Benzannulation of α,β-Unsaturated Compounds and Alkynes
Published on: December 16, 2019
06:46Facile Preparation of 2Z,4E-Dienamides by the Olefination of Electron-deficient Alkenes with Allyl Acetate
Published on: June 21, 2017
Related Concept Videos
Preparation of Amines: Alkylation of Ammonia and Amines
Each alkylation step makes the nitrogen center more nucleophilic, which triggers successive alkylations until a quaternary ammonium salt is formed. Considering...
Amines to Alkenes: Hofmann Elimination
Under thermal conditions, the hydroxide can abstract a proton from the β carbon; this generates an alkene with the simultaneous...
α-Alkylation of Ketones via Enolate Ions
Nucleophilic Aromatic Substitution: Elimination–Addition
Radical Anti-Markovnikov Addition to Alkenes: Overview
Acid Halides to Amides: Aminolysis
In the first step of the aminolysis mechanism, the amine attacks the carbonyl carbon of the acyl chloride to form a tetrahedral intermediate. In the second step, the carbonyl group is re-formed with the elimination of a chloride...