New Frontiers in Cereal and Pseudocereal Germination: Emerging Inducers for Maximizing Bioactive Compounds

This systematic review analyzes emerging inducers that optimize the germination process of cereals and pseudocereals to enhance bioactive compound production, categorizing them as physical (UV-B radiation, electromagnetic fields, ultrasound, cold plasma), chemical (phytohormones, minerals, growth regulators), and biological (concurrent fermentation, microbial extracts). The results reveal that these inducers significantly increase specific metabolites such as GABA enrichment (up to 800%), phenolic compounds (50-450%), and carotenoids (30-120%) in various bioactive cereals and functional pseudocereals. The underlying mechanisms include enzymatic activation, signal transduction, and controlled stress responses, which improve the bioavailability of phenolics and other bioactive compounds. Critical technological considerations for industrial implementation, bioavailability, and biological efficacy of these compounds are addressed. Synergies between inducers demonstrate exceptional potential for developing ingredients with optimized bioactive properties, especially when combining physical and biological processes. This integrated approach represents a promising frontier in food technology for producing cereals and pseudocereals with enhanced nutritional and functional profiles, applicable in chronic disease prevention and functional food formulation.