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Related Concept Videos

Drug Delivery: Overview01:16

Drug Delivery: Overview

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The selection of a drug's delivery route depends upon its physicochemical properties, including lipid or water solubility and ionization, as well as the therapeutic requirement, such as immediate or sustained effect. These routes can be divided into three primary categories: enteral, parenteral, and topical.
Enteral delivery involves administering drugs directly through swallowing, sublingual placement, or buccal application. Orally administered drugs predominantly navigate the...
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Bioavailability Enhancement: Drug Stability Enhancement and GI Retention01:05

Bioavailability Enhancement: Drug Stability Enhancement and GI Retention

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Body:Improving a drug's stability in the gastrointestinal (GI) tract is paramount for enhancing its bioavailability and therapeutic effectiveness. Various strategies are employed to protect the drug from the harsh gastric milieu and to ensure its release and absorption at the desired site within the GI tract.Polymer coatings are one such method used to shield drugs from the stomach's acidic environment. By preventing premature drug release, these coatings improve the bioavailability of unstable...
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Bioavailability Enhancement: Drug Solubility Enhancement01:16

Bioavailability Enhancement: Drug Solubility Enhancement

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Body:Bioavailability is a critical factor in determining a drug's effectiveness. It refers to the proportion of a drug that enters the circulation when introduced into the body and is, as a result, able to have an active effect. Enhancing bioavailability is essential for drugs with poor solubility, as it can significantly impact their therapeutic efficacy. Various methods are employed to increase the solubility of drugs, thereby enhancing their bioavailability.Micronization and nanonization are...
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Bioavailability Enhancement: Drug Permeability Enhancement01:27

Bioavailability Enhancement: Drug Permeability Enhancement

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Body:After oral administration, poor permeability often limits the rate at which drugs are absorbed through the intestinal epithelium. Enhancing drug permeability is crucial for effective therapy, and several strategies have been developed to overcome this challenge.One effective strategy involves the use of lipid-based formulations. These formulations enhance dissolution and solubility, targeting physiological mechanisms to increase drug absorption. This includes stimulating bile salt...
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Factors Affecting Dissolution: Drug Permeability, Stability and Stereochemistry01:20

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Orally administered drugs primarily enter the systemic circulation via passive diffusion through the intestinal membranes. The drug's absorption is influenced by drug stability in the gastrointestinal GI tract, membrane permeability, the surface area available for absorption, luminal drug concentration, and residence time in the lumen. Drug permeability can be enhanced by adjusting the lipophilicity, polarity, or molecular size of the drug, promoting its passive transport across intestinal...
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Bioavailability Enhancement: Determination and Conceptual Approaches in Overcoming Bioavailability Problems01:22

Bioavailability Enhancement: Determination and Conceptual Approaches in Overcoming Bioavailability Problems

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Body:Bioavailability is a critical pharmacological concept that measures the extent and rate at which an active drug ingredient or therapeutic moiety enters the systemic circulation, remaining unchanged. It's a pivotal factor in determining a drug's efficacy and safety.The Biopharmaceutics Classification System (BCS) plays an essential role in drug development by categorizing drugs into four classes based on their solubility and permeability. This classification aids in understanding drug...
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A Comprehensive Review of Niosomes: Composition, Structure, Formation, Characterization, and Applications in

Alfredo Amaury Bautista-Solano1, Gloria Dávila-Ortiz1, María de Jesús Perea-Flores2

  • 1Departamento de Ingeniería Bioquímica, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional (IPN), Av. Wilfrido Massieu Esq. Miguel Stampa s/n, Zacatenco, Alcaldía Gustavo A. Madero, Ciudad de Mexico 07728, Mexico.

Molecules (Basel, Switzerland)
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Summary

Niosomes, versatile nanocarriers, offer tunable properties for drug delivery by controlling formulation factors. Their unique bilayer structure enables targeted delivery in various biomedical applications, enhancing therapeutic efficacy.

Keywords:
drug deliverynanotransportersniosome compositionniosome formationniosomes

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Area of Science:

  • Nanotechnology
  • Materials Science
  • Biomedical Engineering

Background:

  • Niosomes are self-assembled vesicular systems composed of non-ionic surfactants, forming a bilayer structure similar to liposomes.
  • Their amphiphilic nature allows encapsulation of both hydrophilic and hydrophobic drugs, addressing bioavailability challenges.
  • Niosomal formulations are gaining traction for drug delivery due to their stability, biocompatibility, and cost-effectiveness.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the fundamental principles governing niosome formation and properties.
  • To highlight the critical role of formulation parameters in tailoring niosome characteristics.
  • To showcase functionalized niosomes for specific biomedical applications.

Main Methods:

  • Discussion of key factors influencing niosome self-assembly, including surfactant properties (e.g., hydrophilic-lipophilic balance - HLB) and preparation techniques.
  • Application of thermodynamic theories (e.g., Tanford's equations) to predict and control niosome geometry and stability.
  • Review of literature on functionalized niosomes for targeted drug delivery.

Main Results:

  • Niosome properties (size, charge, stability, drug encapsulation efficiency) are directly influenced by surfactant selection, molar ratios, and preparation methods.
  • Critical packing parameter and HLB are crucial determinants of niosome structure and functionality.
  • Functionalized niosomes demonstrate potential in targeted drug delivery for oncology, immunology, and central nervous system disorders.

Conclusions:

  • Niosome formulation offers a versatile platform for developing advanced drug delivery systems.
  • Precise control over formulation parameters enables the design of niosomes with specific characteristics for diverse therapeutic needs.
  • Functionalized niosomes represent a promising strategy for enhancing drug efficacy and reducing side effects in various medical fields.