Innovative Sensor-Based Approaches for Assessing Neurodegenerative Diseases: A Brief State-of-the-Art Review

Sensor-based approaches are transforming the diagnosis and treatment of neurodegenerative diseases by offering more sensitive, non-invasive tools and are capable of real-time monitoring. Integrating advanced materials, nanotechnology, and artificial intelligence presents promise for earlier detection, enhanced disease management, and improved patient outcomes. From a clinical perspective, these technologies facilitate the shift toward precision medicine by enabling early intervention strategies, real-time treatment monitoring, and more refined patient stratification in practice and research contexts. This review provides an overview of recent advancements in sensor-based technologies aimed at enhancing the diagnosis and monitoring of neurodegenerative diseases (NDDs) such as Alzheimer's and Parkinson's, among others. Sensor-based technologies are adjunct tools and integral components of a next-generation framework for diagnosing, monitoring, and understanding neurodegenerative disorders.