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Updated: Jan 18, 2026

Video Imaging and Spatiotemporal Maps to Analyze Gastrointestinal Motility in Mice

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Gut Microbiota and Autism Spectrum Disorders: Neurodevelopmental, Behavioral, and Gastrointestinal Interactions.

Zuzanna Lewandowska-Pietruszka^1,2, Magdalena Figlerowicz¹, Katarzyna Mazur-Melewska¹

¹Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Department of Infectious Diseases and Child Neurology, 60-572 Poznan, Poland.

|September 13, 2025

Summary

Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) gut bacteria are influenced by delivery mode and diet. Microbial profiles correlate with adaptive behaviors and gastrointestinal issues, suggesting microbiota-targeted interventions may improve ASD symptoms.

Keywords:

autism spectrum disorder behavior diet functional gastrointestinal disorder gut microbiota gut-brain axis

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Microbiota Analysis Using Two-step PCR and Next-generation 16S rRNA Gene Sequencing

Microbiota Analysis Using Two-step PCR and Next-generation 16S rRNA Gene Sequencing

Published on: October 15, 2019

Area of Science:

Microbiome research
Neurodevelopmental disorders
Gastroenterology

Background:

Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) presents with social communication deficits, repetitive behaviors, and frequent gastrointestinal issues.
Gut microbiota alterations are increasingly implicated in ASD pathophysiology and gastrointestinal dysfunction.
Detailed microbial profiles and their clinical correlations in ASD require further investigation.

Purpose of the Study:

To analyze gut microbiota composition in children with ASD.
To investigate correlations between microbial profiles and clinical features, including adaptive functioning and gastrointestinal symptoms.
To explore the impact of delivery mode, diet, and demographics on gut microbiota in ASD.

Main Methods:

16S rRNA gene sequencing of stool samples from 45 children (ages 2-18) diagnosed with ASD.
Clinical assessments included ASD subtype, adaptive behavior (Vineland Scale), gastrointestinal symptoms (Rome IV criteria), diet, and demographics.
Statistical analyses were employed to correlate microbiota profiles with clinical data.

Main Results:

Gut microbiota composition was significantly influenced by delivery mode, age, sex, and diet.
Vaginal delivery was associated with beneficial bacteria, while Cesarean section linked to pathogenic taxa.
Microbial diversity and specific genera correlated with adaptive behaviors and gastrointestinal symptom severity.
Dietary patterns, particularly high-calorie/protein diets, shifted microbiota towards pro-inflammatory profiles.
Both pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory bacteria showed variable impacts on neurodevelopmental outcomes.

Conclusions:

Gut microbiota in children with ASD is multifactorially influenced and linked to neurobehavioral and gastrointestinal phenotypes.
Findings support the potential of microbiota-targeted interventions for ameliorating ASD symptoms.
Modulating the gut microbiome may improve the quality of life for individuals with ASD.