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Assessment of Boron Doped Diamond Electrode Quality and Application to In Situ Modification of Local pH by Water Electrolysis

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Controlling electrochemical lignin depolymerization via halide chemistry at boron-doped diamond electrodes.

Busarakham Ngokpho¹, Pattarawadee Therdkatanyuphong², Panot Krukkratoke²

¹School of Chemistry, Institute of Science, Suranaree University of Technology 111 University Avenue, Suranaree, Muang Nakhon Ratchasima 30000 Thailand kamonwad@g.sut.ac.th +66 44 224 637.

|September 15, 2025

Summary

This study introduces an electrochemical method to convert lignin into valuable aromatic chemicals. Iodide-based oxidation proved most effective, yielding high amounts of vanillin with minimal electrode fouling.

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Area of Science:

Green Chemistry
Electrochemistry
Biopolymer Valorization

Background:

Lignin is an abundant biopolymer with untapped potential for producing aromatic chemicals.
Current lignin valorization methods often require harsh conditions or sacrificial oxidants.
Developing sustainable and efficient lignin conversion pathways is crucial.

Purpose of the Study:

To explore a sustainable electrochemical approach for lignin valorization.
To investigate the influence of halide redox chemistry on lignin oxidation.
To optimize electrochemical conditions for high yields of aromatic products.

Main Methods:

Utilized boron-doped diamond electrodes for electrochemical lignin oxidation.
Investigated the effects of different halides (Cl-, Br-, I-) and membrane configurations.
Employed cyclic voltammetry and extended electrolysis for reactivity and stability studies.
Analyzed depolymerization products using chromatography and spectroscopy.

Main Results:

Iodide enabled efficient solution-phase oxidation via electrogenerated iodine, minimizing electrode fouling.
Chloride and bromide mediated direct oxidation but led to surface passivation.
β-O-4 cleavage was the primary depolymerization pathway, yielding vanillin as the main product.
A cation-exchange membrane significantly enhanced product yields and promoted deeper oxidation.

Conclusions:

Electrochemical lignin valorization is tunable via halide choice and electrode material.
Iodide-mediated electrochemistry offers a promising route for sustainable aromatic chemical production from lignin.
This method avoids sacrificial oxidants and minimizes electrode passivation, paving the way for industrial applications.