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Development and Validation of the Affective Polarization Scale.

Brandon McMurtrie1, Michael Philipp2, Ross Hebden1

  • 1Massey University, NZ.

International Review of Social Psychology
|September 15, 2025
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Affective polarization, a dislike of political outgroups, is rising. This study introduces a new, psychometrically validated scale to measure affective polarization, improving research clarity and reliability.

Keywords:
affective polarizationauthoritarianismintellectual humilitynegative partisanshipprejudice

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Area of Science:

  • Psychology
  • Political Science
  • Sociology

Background:

  • Affective polarization, characterized by aversion to political outgroups, has increased globally.
  • Existing measures of affective polarization lack psychometric validation, hindering cumulative research.
  • Previous studies linked affective polarization to prejudice, authoritarianism, and buffered by intellectual humility.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop and validate a new scale for measuring affective polarization.
  • To assess the reliability and construct validity of the proposed Affective Polarization Scale.
  • To provide a psychometrically sound instrument for future research on affective polarization.

Main Methods:

  • Item generation and expert content validation (N=6).
  • Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA) on a US sample (N=326).
  • Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA) on a separate US sample (N=331) to confirm a three-factor model (Social Distance, Aversion, Incivility).
  • Reliability analyses using Cronbach's alpha and McDonald's omega.
  • Construct validity assessed through correlations with authoritarianism, need for closure, identity strength, and intellectual humility.

Main Results:

  • The new Affective Polarization Scale demonstrated good reliability.
  • Exploratory and Confirmatory Factor Analyses supported a three-factor structure.
  • Construct validity was confirmed: Affective Polarization Scale scores positively correlated with authoritarianism, need for closure, and identity strength.
  • Scores negatively correlated with intellectual humility, as hypothesized.

Conclusions:

  • The developed Affective Polarization Scale is a reliable and valid measure.
  • This validated scale can enhance clarity and facilitate cumulative science in affective polarization research.
  • Future research should explore measurement invariance across diverse populations and outgroup targets.