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    Area of Science:

    • Nonlinear Optics
    • Quantum Optics
    • Materials Science

    Background:

    • Anomalous dispersion was traditionally required for parametric gain in Kerr nonlinear optics.
    • Optical parametric amplification (OPA), oscillation (OPO), and frequency comb generation commonly use anomalous dispersion.
    • While some phenomena exist in normal dispersion, detailed parametric gain dynamics were understudied.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To systematically investigate parametric gain dynamics in a normal-dispersion microresonator.
    • To elucidate the underlying mechanisms of optical parametric gain in normal-dispersion systems.
    • To provide enhanced theoretical insights into nonlinear optical phenomena.

    Main Methods:

    • Utilized a high-Q normal-dispersion silicon nitride (Si3N4) microresonator.
    • Employed a pump-probe experimental method.
    • Conducted theoretical analysis alongside experimental observations.

    Main Results:

    • Observed a distinct gain-induced spectral evolution.
    • The spectral evolution transitioned from Lorentzian dips to dual-peak structures.
    • Experimental and theoretical analyses were consistent.

    Conclusions:

    • Parametric gain is achievable and exhibits unique dynamics in normal-dispersion microresonators.
    • The observed spectral evolution provides new understanding of nonlinear processes.
    • This work expands the theoretical framework for parametric gain in integrated photonics.