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20-GHz bandwidth optical activation function based on a semiconductor laser.

Hai-Fei Guo, Zheng-Can Sun, Yi-Wei Shen

    Optics Letters
    |September 16, 2025
    PubMed
    Summary
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    Researchers developed a novel optical activation function (OAF) using a semiconductor laser. This broadband OAF operates entirely in the optical domain, achieving a 20 GHz bandwidth for optical neural networks.

    Area of Science:

    • Optoelectronics
    • Photonics
    • Artificial Intelligence Hardware

    Background:

    • Current optical neural networks often rely on electrical components for nonlinear activation functions.
    • Implementing nonlinearities in the optical domain is crucial for fully optical computing.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To demonstrate a broadband optical activation function (OAF) for optical neural networks.
    • To achieve nonlinear activation entirely within the optical domain, enhancing computational speed and efficiency.

    Main Methods:

    • Utilized a semiconductor laser subjected to optical injection.
    • Operated the laser in an unstable-locked regime beyond the Hopf bifurcation to create the OAF.
    • Investigated the device's performance up to 20 GHz modulation frequencies.

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    Main Results:

    • Achieved a broadband optical activation function with a bandwidth up to 20 GHz.
    • The OAF exhibited ReLU-like behavior for frequencies below 5 GHz.
    • The OAF demonstrated ELU-like behavior for frequencies above 5 GHz.

    Conclusions:

    • Successfully implemented a fully optical activation function using semiconductor laser dynamics.
    • The demonstrated OAF offers high bandwidth and adaptable nonlinear characteristics for optical neural networks.
    • This work paves the way for faster and more efficient optical computing architectures.