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Large Language Models in Neurology Treatment Decision-Making: a Scoping Review.

Rushabh Shah¹, Fabrice Jotterand^2,3

¹School of Medicine, Medical College of Wisconsin, 8701 Watertown Plank Road, Milwaukee, WI, 53226, USA. rshah@mcw.edu.

Journal of Medical Systems

|September 16, 2025

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Large language models (LLMs) show promise in aiding neurological treatment decisions, aligning with clinicians in initial studies. However, more research is needed to confirm their effectiveness and generalizability across diverse neurological conditions.

Keywords:

Artificial intelligence Decision-Making Large language models Neurology Treatment

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Area of Science:

Neurology
Artificial Intelligence
Medical Informatics

Background:

Large language models (LLMs) are increasingly explored for neurological applications.
Existing literature supports LLM efficacy in diagnosis, with growing interest in treatment decision support.

Conclusions:

Current evidence suggests LLMs may support neurological clinical care but do not yet demonstrate improved outcomes.
Findings are not broadly generalizable, appearing limited to specific use cases.
Prospective validation across neurological subspecialties is required for wider clinical adoption.