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Nanoneedles in Biomedicine: Precision-Engineered Platforms for Theranostic Applications.
Narendran Sekar1, Mathana Vetrivel P1, Anisha Kabir1
1Department of Applied Mechanics and Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai 600036, India.
ACS Biomaterials Science & Engineering
|September 17, 2025
Summary
Vertical nanoneedles offer a minimally invasive solution for cell engineering challenges like immune responses and cost. These nanostructures enhance the delivery of therapeutics and improve cellular treatments for regenerative medicine.
Area of Science:
- Biotechnology and Nanomedicine
- Regenerative Medicine
Background:
- Cell engineering faces challenges including immunogenicity, poor targeting, and high costs, limiting its therapeutic potential.
- Existing drug delivery methods often struggle with cell-impermeable molecules and invasive procedures.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review recent advancements in nanoneedle design, fabrication, and applications.
- To explore nanoneedles as a solution for minimally invasive drug delivery and cellular stimulation.
- To highlight nanoneedles' role in overcoming limitations in cell engineering for therapeutic and diagnostic purposes.
Main Methods:
- Critical review of recent scientific literature on vertical nanoneedles.
- Analysis of nanoneedle fabrication techniques and material properties.
- Examination of nanoneedle applications in gene/drug delivery, biosensing, and cellular differentiation.
Main Results:
- Vertical nanoneedles, engineered with high aspect ratios, facilitate minimally invasive delivery of cell-impermeable biological molecules.
- Nanoneedles show promise in enhancing gene therapy, drug delivery efficiency, and cellular stimulation.
- Applications demonstrated include biosensing, cellular differentiation, and regenerative medicine.
Conclusions:
- Nanoneedles represent a versatile tool for advancing cell engineering and regenerative medicine.
- Their precise design overcomes key limitations of current cell-based therapies.
- Further research into nanoneedle technology can unlock new therapeutic and diagnostic possibilities.
