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Epitaxial Growth of Perovskite Strontium Titanate on Germanium via Atomic Layer Deposition

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Achieving Element Homogeneity for Excellent Kesterite Devices through Regulating the Se Amount.

Lulu Bai^1,2, Yanchun Yang^1,3,2, Yajin Mi^1,2

¹School of Physics and Electronic Information, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region Engineering Research Center for Rare Earth Functions and New Energy Storage Materials, Inner Mongolia Normal University, 81 Zhaowuda Road, Huhhot, Inner Mongolia 010022, China.

ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces

|September 17, 2025

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Optimizing selenium content during selenization improves element distribution in kesterite (Cu,Ag)2ZnSn(S,Se)4 (ACZTSSe) films. This enhances photoelectric conversion efficiency in ACZTSSe thin-film solar cells.

Keywords:

CZTSSe solar cells Se amount defects element homogeneity surface potential

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Area of Science:

Materials Science
Photovoltaics
Thin-Film Solar Cells

Background:

Uniform element distribution in kesterite absorbers is crucial for high photoelectric conversion efficiency.
Kesterite (Cu,Ag)2ZnSn(S,Se)4 (ACZTSSe) is a promising photovoltaic material.
Control over film composition during synthesis is key to device performance.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate the effect of regulating selenium (Se) content during selenization on ACZTSSe film homogeneity.
To understand how improved element distribution impacts film properties and solar cell efficiency.
To optimize the selenization process for enhanced ACZTSSe thin-film solar cell performance.

Main Methods:

Selenization process of ACZTSSe films with varying amounts of placed Se.
Analysis of element distribution and migration within the kesterite films.
Characterization of film defects and electrical properties.
Fabrication and efficiency testing of ACZTSSe thin-film solar cells.

Main Results:

Regulating placed Se amount (7.5 mmol) during selenization achieved enhanced element homogeneity in ACZTSSe films.
Optimal Se content reduced cation migration, grain boundary enrichment, and unfavorable defects.
Improved element distribution optimized band tail states and enhanced electrical properties.
Solar cell efficiency increased from 7.9% to 11.3% with optimized Se content.

Conclusions:

The amount of placed Se during selenization significantly influences element distribution and film quality in ACZTSSe.
Achieving uniform element distribution is critical for optimizing optoelectronic properties.
This study provides insights into controlling ACZTSSe film properties for efficient thin-film solar cells.