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Related Concept Videos

Surveys02:16

Surveys

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Often, psychologists develop surveys as a means of gathering data. Surveys are lists of questions to be answered by research participants, and can be delivered as paper-and-pencil questionnaires, administered electronically, or conducted verbally. Generally, the survey itself can be completed in a short time, and the ease of administering a survey makes it easy to collect data from a large number of people.
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Naturalistic Observations02:30

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If you want to understand how behavior occurs, one of the best ways to gain information is to simply observe the behavior in its natural context. However, people might change their behavior in unexpected ways if they know they are being observed. How do researchers obtain accurate information when people tend to hide their natural behavior? As an example, imagine that your professor asks everyone in your class to raise their hand if they always wash their hands after using the restroom. Chances...
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In cross-sectional research, a researcher compares multiple segments of the population at the same time. If they were interested in people's dietary habits, the researcher might directly compare different groups of people by age. Instead of following a group of people for 20 years to see how their dietary habits changed from decade to decade, the researcher would study a group of 20-year-old individuals and compare them to a group of 30-year-old individuals and a group of 40-year-old...
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Socioemotional Experience and Gender Development01:30

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Social-emotional experiences and cultural influences play significant roles in shaping gender development. During middle childhood, from ages 6 to 11, peer groups become dominant in reinforcing gender norms. Children in this age group often align with same-gender peer groups, which actively encourage behaviors that conform to traditional gender roles. For instance, boys may be discouraged from engaging in activities perceived as feminine, reinforcing culturally dictated norms about masculinity...
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Ethnic Identity within a Larger Culture01:27

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Adolescents from ethnic minority backgrounds face a multifaceted journey in forming their identities, shaped by the intersections of cultural expectations and personal exploration. For these adolescents, identity formation involves not only typical developmental challenges but also navigating the perceptions and attitudes of the majority culture. As they grow, adolescents in ethnic minority groups often become increasingly aware of stereotypes, social biases, and discrimination, all of which...
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Criticisms of the Evolutionary Perspective01:23

Criticisms of the Evolutionary Perspective

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In a study where individuals posing as strangers offered compliments and proposed casual sex to students, the responses differed significantly based on gender. Not a single woman accepted the proposal, while 70% of the men agreed. This outcome provides a useful scenario to explore through the lens of evolutionary psychology and social learning theory, highlighting the diverse perspectives on human sexual behaviors.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 17, 2026

Urinary Tract Infection in a Small Animal Model: Transurethral Catheterization of Male and Female Mice
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Gender-Neutral Bathrooms in Universities: Exploring Benefits and Risks from Student Perspectives.

Fau Rosati1, Eleonora Innocenzi1, Roberto Baiocco1

  • 1Department of Developmental and Social Psychology, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy.

Journal of Homosexuality
|September 17, 2025
PubMed
Summary

Gender-neutral restrooms are strongly supported by university students, especially LGBTQIA+ individuals, for safety and well-being. Students prefer fully affirmative models over separate facilities to avoid increased stigma for transgender and nonbinary (TNB) people.

Keywords:
Gender-neutral restroomsacademic wellbeingaffirmative policiesminority stresstransgender and nonbinarytransphobiauniversity students

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Area of Science:

  • Social Sciences
  • Gender Studies
  • Higher Education Policy

Background:

  • Gender-neutral bathrooms are increasingly discussed in public spaces, including universities.
  • Resistance to gender-neutral restrooms often stems from traditional gender norms and concerns about safety.
  • Transgender and nonbinary (TNB) individuals face unique challenges in accessing gender-affirming facilities.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To explore university students' perspectives on the implementation of gender-neutral restrooms.
  • To identify perceived benefits and risks associated with gender-neutral bathroom policies.
  • To understand student preferences for different models of gender-neutral restroom implementation.

Main Methods:

  • Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 65 university students.
  • A significant portion of participants (66%) identified as LGBTQIA+.
  • Reflexive thematic analysis was used to analyze interview data.

Main Results:

  • Strong student support for gender-neutral restrooms across diverse gender identities.
  • Key benefits cited include reduced minority stress, improved academic well-being, and enhanced safety for TNB students.
  • Identified risks involve potential gender harassment, discomfort, and forced outings; students favored fully affirmative models over separate facilities to mitigate stigma.

Conclusions:

  • Universities should adopt gender-neutral restroom policies that promote safety, accessibility, and equity.
  • A fully affirmative model is preferred by students to avoid stigmatizing transgender and nonbinary individuals.
  • Student involvement in policy development is crucial for creating inclusive restroom facilities that meet diverse needs.