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EPA Method 1615. Measurement of Enterovirus and Norovirus Occurrence in Water by Culture and RT-qPCR. I. Collection of Virus Samples
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Published on: March 28, 2015

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Neonatal Enterovirus and Parechovirus Infections: National Enterovirus Surveillance System, United States, 2004-2023

Miranda J Delahoy1, Randall English, Halle Getachew

  • 1From the Division of Viral Diseases, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia.

The Pediatric Infectious Disease Journal
|September 18, 2025
PubMed

Insights

Enteroviruses (EVs) and parechoviruses (PeVs) cause severe neonatal illness. Coxsackievirus B5, B4, B3, and PeV-A3 were most frequent in US neonates from 2004-2023, with some infections proving fatal.

Area of Science:

  • Virology
  • Epidemiology
  • Neonatal Health

Background:

  • Enteroviruses (EVs) and parechoviruses (PeVs) are significant causes of severe neonatal illness.
  • Limited recent data exists on the most frequently reported EV and PeV infections in US neonates.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To identify the most frequently reported enterovirus (EV) and parechovirus (PeV) types among neonates in the US.
  • To analyze mortality data associated with these infections in neonates.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized 20 years (2004-2023) of data from the National Enterovirus Surveillance System (NESS).
  • Analyzed EV and PeV typing results and mortality data (2014-2023) for infections in neonates.

Main Results:

  • Over 11,000 EV and PeV infections were reported to NESS between 2004-2023; 9% occurred in neonates.
  • Coxsackievirus B5 (CV-B5), CV-B4, CV-B3, PeV-A3, and E-11 were the most common types in neonates.
  • During 2014-2023, 21% of neonates with reported outcomes for EV/PeV infections died.

Conclusions:

  • This study identifies key EV and PeV types affecting US neonates using two decades of surveillance data.
  • Neonatal enteroviral and parechovirus infections can be severe and fatal, underscoring the need for vigilance.
  • The diversity of identified viruses highlights the necessity for enhanced surveillance and research to improve prevention and treatment strategies for neonatal enteroviral disease.
Abstract

Keywords:
enterovirusepidemiologyneonateparechovirussurveillance

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