Redefining the concept of interoperability: A multidimensional approach for the energy sector

Area of Science:

• Energy Systems Engineering
• Information Science
• Sociotechnical Systems

Background:

• Interoperability is crucial for modern energy systems but traditional definitions are inadequate for the complex energy transition.
• Increasing decentralization, digitalization, and diverse actors in energy infrastructure necessitate a broader understanding of interoperability.

Purpose of the Study:

• To analyze existing definitions of interoperability across various sectors, languages, and time periods.
• To propose a revised, multidimensional definition of interoperability suitable for the evolving energy landscape.

Main Methods:

• Conducted a comprehensive analysis of 40 interoperability definitions.
• Employed lexical and temporal evaluation approaches.
• Extended the Smart Grid Architecture Model with a governance and institutional 'Framework Layer'.

Main Results:

• Existing definitions primarily focus on technical aspects, neglecting organizational, social, and regulatory dimensions.
• A semantic shift in the understanding of interoperability over time was observed.
• A new definition frames interoperability as an emergent property influenced by standards, collaboration, and contextual alignment.

Conclusions:

• A holistic redefinition of interoperability is proposed, tailored for the energy transition.
• An extended Smart Grid Architecture Model provides a framework for implementation.
• Recommendations include stakeholder engagement, flexible standardization, and interdisciplinary capacity-building for future-ready energy systems.