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Related Concept Videos

Case Studies01:22

Case Studies

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There are many research methods available to psychologists in their efforts to understand, describe, and explain behavior and the cognitive and biological processes that underlie it.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 17, 2026

Virtual Hand with Ambiguous Movement between the Self and Other Origin: Sense of Ownership and 'Other-Produced' Agency
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Virtual Hand with Ambiguous Movement between the Self and Other Origin: Sense of Ownership and 'Other-Produced' Agency

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Alien Hand: Current Research Trends.

Victor W Mark1

  • 1Departments of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Neurology, and Psychology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, 619 19th Street South SRC 190, Birmingham, AL, 35249-7330, USA. vwmark@uabmc.edu.

Current Neurology and Neuroscience Reports
|September 19, 2025
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Alien hand syndrome involves involuntary, purposeful-appearing limb movements. Recent research advances diagnostic tools and reveals extensive white matter damage, though many behaviors remain unexplained by current neuroimaging.

Keywords:
Alien handAnarchic handCorpus callosotomyDiagonistic dyspraxiaSplit-brain

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Area of Science:

  • Neurology
  • Neuroscience
  • Clinical Psychiatry

Background:

  • Alien hand syndrome is a rare neurological disorder characterized by involuntary limb movements.
  • These movements often appear purposeful, posing diagnostic challenges.
  • Understanding its diverse manifestations and underlying neurobiology is crucial.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To provide a comprehensive review of alien hand syndrome.
  • To outline its history, subtypes, and associated behavioral disturbances.
  • To explore recent trends in understanding and treatment.

Main Methods:

  • Review of historical literature identifying alien hand subtypes.
  • Summary of clinical and neuroimaging findings.
  • Analysis of PubMed-listed articles (2020-2025) on alien hand, anarchic hand, and alien limb.

Main Results:

  • Identification of three widely accepted forms of alien hand with distinct features.
  • Summary of less-discussed behavioral disturbances: self-injury, pathological sexual behavior, sleep-related activities, and communication issues.
  • Advances include diagnostic checklists, structured interviews, and evidence of widespread white matter damage beyond visible lesions on MRI.
  • Significant diversity in alien hand presentations, with many behaviors not yet explained by neuroimaging.

Conclusions:

  • Alien hand syndrome presents with diverse behaviors, some unexplained by current neuroimaging.
  • Diagnostic tools are improving, but a complete understanding of the neurobiology is still evolving.
  • Further research is needed to elucidate the mechanisms and optimize treatment for this complex disorder.