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Related Concept Videos

Disorders of the Skeletal Muscle01:28

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The clinical conditions affecting the skeletal muscle tissue are broadly categorized as musculoskeletal and neuromuscular disorders.
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The femur is the body's longest and strongest bone spanning the thigh region. Its head articulates with the acetabulum of the hip bone to form the hip joint. A minor indentation on the medial side of the femoral head, called the fovea capitis, serves as the site of attachment for the ligament of the head of the femur. This weak ligament spans the femur and acetabulum and supports the hip joint. The narrowed region below the head is the neck of the femur. The inclination angle between the...
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The human leg comprises an intricate system of muscles that facilitate the movement of feet and toes. Within this system, the muscles are categorized into the anterior, lateral, and posterior compartments, each with a unique set of muscles carrying out specific functions.
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Clinical manifestationsPeripheral Arterial Disease (PAD) manifests through a range of symptoms, from the characteristic intermittent claudication to atypical presentations and severe complications in advanced stages. Intermittent claudication, a hallmark symptom of PAD, presents as exercise-induced muscle pain that typically resolves within minutes of rest. This pain is reproducible and stems from inadequate blood flow, leading to the accumulation of lactic acid produced during anaerobic...
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The urinary system is responsible for eliminating waste and excess fluids from the body. However, disorders of the urinary system can arise due to various reasons like infections, stress, age, congenital abnormalities, and lifestyle.
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Updated: Jan 17, 2026

Muscle Imbalances: Testing and Training Functional Eccentric Hamstring Strength in Athletic Populations
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Distal Hamstring Injuries and Disorders.

Dylan S Koolmees1, Jeffrey D Klott, Tanner R Poppe

  • 1From the University of Missouri Orthopedic Surgery, Columbia, MO (Dr. Klott), and the Campbell Clinic Orthopaedics, University of Tennessee, Germantown, TN (Dr. Koolmees, Dr. Poppe). David L. Bernholt is now Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Cincinnati.

Journal of the American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons. Global Research & Reviews
|September 19, 2025
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Distal hamstring injuries, though uncommon, affect athletes near the knee. Most cases resolve with conservative treatment, but acute avulsions or chronic issues may need surgery.

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Area of Science:

  • Sports Medicine
  • Orthopedic Surgery
  • Musculoskeletal Injuries

Background:

  • Hamstring injuries are common in athletes, typically affecting the proximal muscle belly.
  • Distal hamstring pathologies, though less common, involve injuries near the knee, including pes anserinus bursitis and tendon ruptures.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the literature on distal hamstring injuries.
  • To discuss current treatment strategies for these uncommon injuries.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review focusing on distal hamstring pathology.
  • Analysis of acute and chronic diagnoses and their management.

Main Results:

  • Pes anserinus bursitis is the most frequent distal hamstring pathology.
  • Acute avulsion injuries and chronic cases unresponsive to conservative care often require surgical intervention.

Conclusions:

  • Distal hamstring injuries encompass various acute and chronic conditions.
  • While most distal hamstring injuries benefit from conservative management, surgical options exist for specific cases, with treatment algorithms still developing.