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Exploring Factors Affecting Verbal Fluency in Healthy Aging.

Pascale Tremblay1,2,3, Lydia Gagnon1,2, Edith Durand4

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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Aging adults experience word-finding difficulties. While cognitive reserve factors like singing and education aid verbal fluency, they offer limited protection against age-related word retrieval decline.

Keywords:
agingcognitive reservedisfluencieshearinglexical accessprivate speechsinging

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Psychology
  • Gerontology

Background:

  • Word-finding difficulties are common in aging.
  • Verbal fluency tasks assess word retrieval but strategies and protective factors require further study.
  • Cognitive engagement and social interactions may mitigate age-related cognitive decline.

Purpose of the Study:

  • Investigate verbal fluency in healthy adults across a wide age range (20-87 years).
  • Examine age-related changes in verbal fluency strategies, including self-talk and filled hesitations.
  • Assess the impact of cognitive reserve factors on verbal fluency and age-related decline.

Main Methods:

  • 144 healthy community-dwelling adults completed semantic and phonemic fluency tasks.
  • Analysis included accuracy, error types, self-talk, and filled hesitations.
  • Eight cognitive reserve factors were assessed: education, singing, social participation, cognition, health, multilingualism, outlook, and hearing.

Main Results:

  • Filled hesitations remained stable with age; self-talk increased nonlinearly.
  • Singing experience, higher education, and better global cognition correlated with improved fluency.
  • These factors provided minimal evidence of protection against age-related word retrieval decline.

Conclusions:

  • Verbal fluency strategies evolve with age, with increased self-talk observed.
  • Cognitive reserve factors are associated with better verbal fluency but do not fully prevent age-related word retrieval decline.
  • Further research is needed to understand protective mechanisms against cognitive aging.