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Diabetes and the Developing Mind: Intelligence Quotient (IQ) and Its Associations in Indian Children and Youth With

Sonali S Wagle-Patki1, Amarpaul Keerthi1, Aboli A Bhalerao1

  • 1Department of Growth and Pediatric Endocrinology, Hirabai Cowasji Jehangir Medical Research Institute, Pune, IND.

Cureus
|September 22, 2025
PubMed

Insights

Children with type 1 diabetes (T1D) show average intelligence, but good glycemic control and parental education are key for optimizing their cognitive abilities. Early screening for cognitive impairment is recommended.

Area of Science:

  • Pediatric Endocrinology
  • Neuropsychology
  • Diabetes Management

Background:

  • Type 1 diabetes (T1D) may impact children's verbal intelligence quotient (IQ), with prior studies linking IQ to T1D onset age and glycemic control.
  • Limited research exists on IQ in Indian children and youth with T1D, necessitating further investigation for early cognitive impairment detection and intervention.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the intelligence quotient (IQ) and its predictors in Indian children and youth diagnosed with type 1 diabetes (T1D).

Main Methods:

  • A clinic-based cohort study involving 413 participants (aged 4-22 years) with T1D.
  • IQ assessment using the Binet Kamat Test, with Adjusted IQ (AIQ) computed.
  • Correlation and multiple linear regression analyses were employed to examine associations between AIQ and various determinants, adjusting for confounders.

Main Results:

  • Participants exhibited average cognitive performance with a median AIQ of 102.
  • Higher AIQ scores correlated with younger age and higher maternal/paternal education.
  • Poorer glycemic control (HbA1c) and longer diabetes duration were associated with lower AIQ.

Conclusions:

  • Children and youth with T1D demonstrated average IQ, with age, diabetes duration, glycemic control, and maternal education identified as independent predictors.
  • Findings underscore the importance of maintaining good glycemic control and suggest screening for cognitive impairment in this population.

Keywords:
adolescentsaiqbinet-kamat testchildrenglycemic controlindiaintelligence quotienttype 1 diabetesyouth

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