Estimation of graphene oxide nanoparticle reinforcement on the mechanical properties of maxillofacial silicone

Maxillofacial silicone is commonly used for facial prostheses but suffers from low tensile and tear strength and limited elasticity. The integration of graphene oxide (GO) nanoparticles has been proposed to improve these mechanical shortcomings.

This in vitro study aimed to evaluate the effect of varying GO concentrations (0 %, 0.5 %, 1 %, 2 %, 3 %, and 5 %) on the tensile strength, tear strength, and Shore A hardness of maxillofacial silicone elastomers.

A total of 504 silicone samples were fabricated and divided into six groups based on GO concentration, with 28 samples per group for each test. Silicone and GO were homogenized and cured per standard protocols. Tensile and tear strength were measured using a universal testing machine; Shore A hardness was assessed with a durometer. Material characterization was conducted using FTIR and FESEM.

The highest tensile strength (2.253 MPa) was observed in the 3 % GO group (SG-3), indicating superior stress resistance. Tear strength peaked in the 0.5 % GO group (15.625 MPa), with SG-3 showing nearly comparable results (15.184 MPa). Shore A hardness increased slightly with GO content, with SG-3 offering an optimal flexibility-rigidity balance. FESEM confirmed uniform GO dispersion in SG-3, enhancing filler bonding. FTIR revealed increased peak intensities, suggesting improved molecular interactions and a denser polymer matrix.

Graphene oxide significantly enhanced the mechanical performance of maxillofacial silicone, with 3 % GO yielding the most favorable combination of strength, elasticity, and material integrity.