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Pulmonary Cement Embolism After Vertebroplasty.

Randeep Singh1, Kawleen Kour2, Harkirat Singh Panaych3

  • 1Department of Pulmonary Medicine and Critical Care Fortis Hospital Ludhiana Punjab India.

Respirology Case Reports
|September 22, 2025
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Summary

Pulmonary cement embolism, a rare vertebroplasty complication, can cause delayed respiratory failure. Vigilance for this serious condition is crucial, even months after the procedure.

Keywords:
Interstitial lung diseasepulmonary cement embolismvertebroplasty

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Area of Science:

  • Medical Imaging
  • Pulmonary Medicine
  • Interventional Radiology

Background:

  • Pulmonary cement embolism (PCE) is a rare but serious complication following vertebroplasty.
  • Delayed presentation of PCE, particularly in patients with underlying lung disease, is not well-documented.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To report a case of delayed pulmonary cement embolism presenting as respiratory failure.
  • To highlight the importance of considering PCE in patients with a history of vertebroplasty experiencing unexplained respiratory decline.

Main Methods:

  • Case report of an 81-year-old male with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis.
  • Review of clinical presentation, imaging findings (CT scan), and procedural history.
  • Correlation of symptoms with a confirmed pulmonary artery embolus.

Main Results:

  • The patient presented with acute respiratory failure 18 months after vertebroplasty.
  • CT imaging revealed a hyperdense pulmonary artery embolus consistent with cement material.
  • The findings underscore the potential for delayed diagnosis of pulmonary cement embolism.

Conclusions:

  • Pulmonary cement embolism should be considered in the differential diagnosis of respiratory failure in patients with a history of vertebroplasty.
  • Radiological vigilance is essential for identifying delayed complications of vertebroplasty.
  • Early recognition and management are critical for improving patient outcomes in cases of pulmonary cement embolism.