Post-operative pre-sacral hematoma after percutaneous nerve evaluation: A case report

Sacral neuromodulation (SNM) is an effective treatment for refractory urinary conditions, including urge incontinence and urinary retention. Percutaneous nerve evaluation (PNE) is used to assess patient suitability for permanent SNM through temporary lead placement. While rare, complications such as hematomas can occur. This case report describes an acute pre-sacral hematoma following PNE lead placement in the absence of typical risk factors. Awareness of such rare complications can improve preparedness for management of potential adverse outcomes.