The Associations of Social Determinants and Medical Conditions With Edentulism in Indonesia's Aging Population

To describe edentulism and its associations in older adult Indonesians.

Indonesia is the fourth largest population in the world, with a total population of 274.859 million people in 2022. The prevalence of edentulism was 7.2% in 2018. The population aged 60 and above was around 9.6% in 2019 and is projected to reach around 20% by 2045.

The data were obtained from the most recent Indonesian Family Life Survey (IFLS-5), which investigated edentulism in individuals aged 65 and older. The exposure variables were social determinants of health and medical conditions, with the outcome being edentulism status. Log binomial regression was used to estimate the prevalence ratio.

The overall weighted prevalence of edentulism was 15.7% (95% CI = 13.5-18.1). The sample comprised 2598 respondents aged 65 years or above. The prevalence of edentulism was 2.1 times higher in individuals over 75 years old. Higher education is linked to a lower prevalence of tooth loss. Insurance holders had a 20% lower prevalence. Hypertension increased prevalence by 20%, and chronic lung disease raised it by 1.5 times. Multivariate analysis confirmed significant interactions between education, economic status and age, affecting edentulism rates.

The social determinants of health (education level, economic status, insurance and age) and medical conditions influenced the prevalence of edentulism in Indonesia's aging population. Addressing these upstream factors is essential for reducing oral health disparities and improving population-level oral health outcomes.