Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Time and frequency -Domain Interpretation of Phase-lead Control01:24

Time and frequency -Domain Interpretation of Phase-lead Control

433
Phase-lead controllers are commonly used in various control systems to enhance response speed and stability. Adjusting the brightness on a television screen offers a practical example of phase-lead control. When contrast is enhanced, a phase-lead controller is employed. Mathematically, phase-lead control is identified when the first parameter is smaller than the second.
The design of phase-lead control involves the strategic placement of poles and zeros to balance steady-state error and system...
433
Time and frequency -Domain Interpretation of Phase-lag Control01:21

Time and frequency -Domain Interpretation of Phase-lag Control

393
Phase-lag controllers are widely used in control systems to improve stability and reduce steady-state errors. A dimmer switch controlling the brightness of a light bulb serves as a practical example of phase-lag control, gradually adjusting the bulb's brightness. Mathematically, phase-lag control or low-pass filtering is represented when the factor 'a' is less than 1.
Phase-lag controllers do not place a pole at zero, but instead influence the steady-state error by amplifying any...
393
Parallel Resonance01:23

Parallel Resonance

520
The parallel RLC circuit is an arrangement where the resistor (R), inductor (L), and capacitor (C) are all connected to the same nodes and, as a result, share the same voltage across them. The parallel RLC circuit is analyzed in terms of admittance (Y), which reflects the ease with which current can flow. The admittance is given by:
520
Graphical and Analytic Representation of Sinusoids01:20

Graphical and Analytic Representation of Sinusoids

910
Analyzing two sinusoidal voltages with equal amplitude and period but different phases on an oscilloscope, an instrument used to display and analyze waveforms, involves a three-step process.
The first step is measuring the peak-to-peak value, which is twice the amplitude of the sinusoid. This provides information about the maximum voltage swing of the waveform.
Secondly, the period and angular frequency are determined. The period is the time taken for one complete cycle of the waveform, while...
910
Properties of Fourier Transform II01:24

Properties of Fourier Transform II

746
The Fourier Transform (FT) is an essential mathematical tool in signal processing, transforming a time-domain signal into its frequency-domain representation. This transformation elucidates the relationship between time and frequency domains through several properties, each revealing unique aspects of signal behavior.
The Frequency Shifting property of Fourier Transforms highlights that a shift in the frequency domain corresponds to a phase shift in the time domain. Mathematically, if x(t) has...
746
Electronic Distance Measuring Instruments01:30

Electronic Distance Measuring Instruments

465
Electronic Distance Measuring Instruments (EDMs) are essential tools in modern surveying, offering precise distance measurements by emitting electromagnetic signals and calculating the time required for these signals to travel to a target and return. Two primary types of signals are used in EDMs — light waves and microwaves — each suited to specific environmental and distance requirements. Light-wave-based EDMs utilize either infrared or laser light, providing high accuracy over...
465

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Association of metformin with osteoarthritis progression and total joint arthroplasty: evidence from the UK Biobank, a large population-based cohort study.

Clinical rheumatology·2026
Same author

Tumor lymph node metastasis chip reveals that the NECTIN3-TIGIT axis promotes melanoma metastasis by enhancing treg cell function and inducing CD8<sup>+</sup> T cell exhaustion.

Cellular oncology (Dordrecht, Netherlands)·2026
Same author

Sepsis-3 improves risk stratification in Stevens-Johnson syndrome/toxic epidermal necrolysis with infection.

Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology·2026
Same author

Cobratide injection vs pregabalin for moderate-to-severe acute herpes zoster neuralgia: A randomized, double-blind, double-dummy, active-controlled, multicenter exploratory trial.

Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology·2026
Same author

Adverse events associated with candida infections in secukinumab treatment.

BMC infectious diseases·2026
Same author

An LC-MS/MS Method for Simultaneous Determination of Almonertinib and Atorvastatin: Evaluating Their Drug-Drug Interactions in Rat.

Drug design, development and therapy·2026

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 17, 2026

Rapid Repetition Rate Fluctuation Measurement of Soliton Crystals in a Microresonator
07:42

Rapid Repetition Rate Fluctuation Measurement of Soliton Crystals in a Microresonator

Published on: December 15, 2021

3.5K

Instantaneous frequency measurement scheme employing dual-parallel phase modulation.

Chengxin Li, Jiazhou Li, Ke Wu

    Applied Optics
    |September 22, 2025
    PubMed
    Summary

    This study introduces a novel instantaneous frequency measurement scheme using parallel phase modulators (PMs). The method achieves wide frequency range measurement with high accuracy, adaptable via electrical time delay adjustments.

    More Related Videos

    Generation and Coherent Control of Pulsed Quantum Frequency Combs
    06:42

    Generation and Coherent Control of Pulsed Quantum Frequency Combs

    Published on: June 8, 2018

    9.6K
    Frequency Mixing Magnetic Detection Scanner for Imaging Magnetic Particles in Planar Samples
    07:01

    Frequency Mixing Magnetic Detection Scanner for Imaging Magnetic Particles in Planar Samples

    Published on: June 9, 2016

    9.9K

    Related Experiment Videos

    Last Updated: Jan 17, 2026

    Rapid Repetition Rate Fluctuation Measurement of Soliton Crystals in a Microresonator
    07:42

    Rapid Repetition Rate Fluctuation Measurement of Soliton Crystals in a Microresonator

    Published on: December 15, 2021

    3.5K
    Generation and Coherent Control of Pulsed Quantum Frequency Combs
    06:42

    Generation and Coherent Control of Pulsed Quantum Frequency Combs

    Published on: June 8, 2018

    9.6K
    Frequency Mixing Magnetic Detection Scanner for Imaging Magnetic Particles in Planar Samples
    07:01

    Frequency Mixing Magnetic Detection Scanner for Imaging Magnetic Particles in Planar Samples

    Published on: June 9, 2016

    9.9K

    Area of Science:

    • Photonics and Optical Engineering
    • Microwave Engineering
    • Signal Processing

    Background:

    • Accurate and instantaneous frequency measurement is crucial for various applications, including radar, communications, and electronic warfare.
    • Traditional frequency measurement techniques often face limitations in terms of speed, range, or accuracy.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To propose and validate a novel scheme for instantaneous frequency measurement over a wide frequency range.
    • To convert frequency information into a measurable phase shift using phase modulators and electrical time delay.
    • To establish an amplitude comparison function for accurate frequency determination.

    Main Methods:

    • Utilizing two parallel phase modulators (PMs) to modulate an unknown signal with a tunable electrical time delay.
    • Employing a 2x2 optical coupler and two photodetectors to detect phase shifts introduced by the time delay.
    • Establishing an amplitude comparison function based on the output power ratio of the photodetectors to determine microwave frequency.

    Main Results:

    • Achieved an instantaneous frequency measurement range from 0.25 GHz to 21 GHz.
    • Demonstrated a measurement error of less than 60 MHz.
    • Showcased the ability to shift the measurement range by adjusting the electrical time delay.

    Conclusions:

    • The proposed scheme enables wide-range, instantaneous frequency measurement with high accuracy.
    • The adjustable electrical time delay allows for flexible range shifting and optimization.
    • A two-step measurement approach combining rough and precise measurements enhances overall performance.