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Viruses are extraordinarily diverse in shape and size, but they all have several structural features in common. All viruses have a core that contains a DNA- or RNA-based genome. The core is surrounded by a protective coat of proteins called the capsid. The capsid is composed of subunits called capsomeres. The capsid and genome-containing core are together known as the nucleocapsid.
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High-throughput Synthesis of Carbohydrates and Functionalization of Polyanhydride Nanoparticles
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Virus-like particles as modular interfaces for biomaterial functionalization.

Hasna Maayouf1, Rayane Hedna1, Alphonse Boché2

  • 1Université de Haute-Alsace, CNRS, IS2M UMR 7361, Mulhouse 68100, France.

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|September 24, 2025
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Virus-like particles (VLPs) functionalize biomaterials with cell-adhesion peptides, improving cell interactions. This novel approach enhances cell behavior on surfaces, offering advances in nanomedicine and biomaterials.

Keywords:
RGD peptidecell-material interactionsextracellular matrix mimeticssurface functionalizationtissue engineeringvirus-like particles (VLPs)

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Area of Science:

  • Biomaterials Science
  • Nanotechnology
  • Cell Biology

Background:

  • Biomaterial surface biofunctionalization is key for controlling cell-material interactions.
  • Current methods using native extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins or synthetic peptides face limitations like cost and variability.
  • Effective control over peptide presentation on biomaterial surfaces remains a challenge.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop a novel technology using virus-like particles (VLPs) for biomaterial surface biofunctionalization.
  • To engineer VLPs to display biomimetic ECM-derived peptides, specifically the RGD motif, for enhanced cell adhesion.
  • To evaluate the efficacy of VLP-functionalized surfaces in promoting cell adhesion, migration, proliferation, and differentiation.

Main Methods:

  • Engineered virus-like particles (VLPs) to display the RGD motif using genetic fusion and SpyTag/SpyCatcher ligation.
  • Functionalized cell-repellent silicone surfaces with engineered VLPs.
  • Assessed cell adhesion, migration, proliferation, and differentiation on VLP-functionalized surfaces.
  • Explored the co-presentation of multiple bioactive peptides using the VLP/SpyCatcher system.

Main Results:

  • VLP-functionalized surfaces significantly enhanced cell adhesion, migration, proliferation, and differentiation.
  • Performance of VLP-functionalized surfaces was comparable or superior to native ECM proteins or synthetic RGD peptides.
  • The SpyTag/SpyCatcher system offered a versatile conjugation strategy for VLP biofunctionalization.
  • Demonstrated the potential for co-presenting multiple bioactive peptides for complex tissue engineering.

Conclusions:

  • Virus-like particles (VLPs) provide a tunable and effective platform for biomaterial surface biofunctionalization.
  • This VLP-based technology overcomes limitations of current methods, offering precise control over cell-material interactions.
  • The system holds significant potential for advancing nanomedicine, regenerative medicine, and biomaterials development.