Protocol for high-density peptide and protein presentation on biomaterial surfaces using virus-like particles

Here, we present a protocol for achieving high-density peptide and protein presentation on biomaterial surfaces using self-assembling virus-like particles. We describe steps for the design, recombinant production, purification, and quality control of peptide- or protein-displaying particles. We also detail procedures for their use in functionalizing polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) and other solid substrates. The approach enables multivalent and spatially controlled ligand presentation and is applicable to reproducible cell-material interaction studies and the biofunctionalization of implant-relevant surfaces. For complete details on the use and execution of this protocol, please refer to Maayouf et al.¹.