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Multimodal foundation model and benchmark for comprehensive retinal OCT image analysis.

José Morano1,2, Botond Fazekas3,4, Emese Sükei5

  • 1Christian Doppler Laboratory for Artificial Intelligence in Retina, Institute of Artificial Intelligence, Center for Medical Data Science, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria. jose.moranosanchez@meduniwien.ac.at.

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|September 25, 2025
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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

We developed MIRAGE, a new multimodal foundation model (FM) for analyzing optical coherence tomography (OCT) and scanning laser ophthalmoscopy (SLO) images. MIRAGE outperforms existing AI models on ophthalmic image classification and segmentation tasks.

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Area of Science:

  • Ophthalmology
  • Artificial Intelligence
  • Medical Imaging

Background:

  • Artificial intelligence (AI) aids clinicians in analyzing ophthalmic images like optical coherence tomography (OCT).
  • Developing AI models requires extensive annotation, and existing models struggle with unseen data.
  • Foundation models (FMs) show promise but lack validation in ophthalmology, especially for segmentation and multimodal analysis.

Purpose of the Study:

  • Introduce MIRAGE, a novel multimodal FM for OCT and scanning laser ophthalmoscopy (SLO) image analysis.
  • Propose a new evaluation benchmark for OCT/SLO classification and segmentation tasks.
  • Address limitations of current AI models in ophthalmic image analysis.

Main Methods:

  • Developed MIRAGE, a multimodal foundation model trained on vast unlabeled datasets.
  • Created a new benchmark dataset for evaluating AI models on OCT/SLO classification and segmentation.
  • Compared MIRAGE against general FMs, specialized FMs, and segmentation methods.

Main Results:

  • MIRAGE demonstrated superior performance in both classification and segmentation tasks compared to existing methods.
  • The proposed benchmark provided a robust evaluation of AI model capabilities.
  • MIRAGE showed significant advantages over general and specialized foundation models.

Conclusions:

  • MIRAGE is a highly effective multimodal foundation model for ophthalmic image analysis.
  • MIRAGE serves as a strong foundation for developing robust AI systems for retinal OCT image analysis.
  • The study highlights the potential of multimodal FMs in advancing AI applications in ophthalmology.