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Interprofessional care for coronary artery disease includes pharmacological therapy and revascularization procedures.Pharmacological therapy for Coronary Artery Disease (CAD) aims to manage symptoms, prevent complications, and improve patient outcomes through various classes of medications:Antiplatelet Agents:Aspirin and Clopidogrel: These medications inhibit platelet aggregation, preventing blood clots, which is crucial for avoiding heart attacks and strokes. Doctors often prescribe these...
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IntroductionThe management of Acute Coronary Syndrome (ACS) aims to minimize myocardial damage, preserve myocardial function, and prevent complications.Initial ManagementInpatient management involves continuous cardiac monitoring, preferably in an ICU, focusing on blood pressure, serum sodium, potassium, and creatinine levels, and urine output. Ongoing pharmacologic management is crucial for stabilizing the patient.Supplemental Oxygen: Administer supplemental oxygen if oxygen saturation is...
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Angina, a symptom of myocardial ischemia, requires a structured nursing management approach to ensure effective care and prevent complications like myocardial infarction. Comprehensive nursing care involves assessing, diagnosing, planning, implementing interventions, and evaluating outcomes, all tailored to the individual patient's needs.Patient AssessmentNursing assessment begins with a detailed subjective evaluation of symptoms, which typically include chest pain or pressure radiating to the...
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Contemporary Antianginal Therapy.

Sagar Patel1, Vishal Patel2, Mohammed Ayyad3

  • 1Department of Medicine, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, 185 South Orange Ave, Newark, NJ, 07103, USA. sagarpatel550@gmail.com.

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|September 25, 2025
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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Optimal medical therapy for stable angina is evolving, with a focus on coronary microvascular dysfunction (CMD). New treatments are needed for refractory angina and CMD, as current options are limited.

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Area of Science:

  • Cardiology
  • Pharmacology
  • Internal Medicine

Background:

  • Stable angina management varies widely despite available drug classes.
  • Coronary microvascular dysfunction (CMD) is increasingly recognized as a key pathophysiologic entity.
  • There is a critical need for novel pharmacologic therapies for angina, especially for CMD.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review current angina management strategies, focusing on optimal medical therapy (OMT).
  • To highlight emerging therapies and the clinical significance of coronary microvascular dysfunction (CMD).
  • To outline established and evolving treatment approaches for chronic stable angina.

Main Methods:

  • This is a narrative review synthesizing findings from existing research and key clinical trials.
  • It outlines established and evolving treatment approaches for chronic stable angina.
  • It discusses advances in invasive coronary function testing for CMD diagnosis.

Main Results:

  • Beta-blockers and calcium channel blockers are foundational for symptom management.
  • Nitrates, ranolazine, ivabradine, and trimetazidine are options for refractory symptoms.
  • Few novel pharmacologic therapies have emerged, and optimal treatment for CMD remains elusive.

Conclusions:

  • There is a significant need for innovation in angina pharmacotherapy, particularly for CMD.
  • Advances in CMD diagnosis exist, but treatment consensus is lacking.
  • Emerging interventional and stem cell strategies show promise for refractory angina.