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Labeling DNA Probes

Labeling DNA Probes

DNA probes are fragments of DNA labeled with a reporter tag to enable their detection or purification. The resulting labeled DNA probes can then hybridize to target nucleic acid sequences through complementary base-pairing, and may be used to recover or identify these regions.
Radioisotopes, fluorophores, or small molecule binding partners like biotin or digoxigenin, are the most widely used reporter tags for labeling DNA probes. These labels can be attached to the probe DNA molecule via...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 16, 2026

Combining QD-FRET and Microfluidics to Monitor DNA Nanocomplex Self-Assembly in Real-Time

Combining QD-FRET and Microfluidics to Monitor DNA Nanocomplex Self-Assembly in Real-Time

Published on: August 26, 2009

Designing Nanoparticle Surfaces with DNA Barcodes for Accurate In Vivo Quantification.

Ayokunle A Lekuti^1,2,3, Vanessa Y C Li^1,2, Ayden Malekjahani^1,2

¹Institute of Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, 164 College Street, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3G9, Canada.

|September 26, 2025

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Surface DNA barcoding enables nanoparticle biodistribution tracking. Strategies to reduce DNA degradation allow accurate in vivo identification and quantification of nanoparticle designs for targeted applications.

Keywords:

DNA barcoding DNA degradation gold nanoparticles nanoparticle barcoding next generation sequencing surface barcoding

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Area of Science:

Biotechnology
Nanotechnology
Molecular Biology

Background:

DNA barcoding is crucial for tracking nanoparticle biodistribution.
Current methods using encapsulated DNA limit nanoparticle screening.
Surface-coated DNA barcodes face degradation challenges, hindering identification and quantification.

Purpose of the Study:

To develop strategies for reducing DNA degradation on nanoparticle surfaces.
To enable surface-based DNA barcoding for nanoparticle biodistribution applications.
To establish reliable in vivo identification and quantification of nanoparticle designs.

Main Methods:

Developing strategies to minimize DNA degradation on nanoparticle surfaces.
Investigating nanoparticle size, DNA density, and polymer characteristics.
Utilizing chemical DNA modification and neutral polymer shielding.
Validating surface barcoding for in vivo biodistribution assessment.

Main Results:

Successfully reduced DNA degradation on nanoparticle surfaces.
Identified nanoparticle size, DNA density, and polymer properties as key design parameters.
Demonstrated effective in vivo identification and quantification of nanoparticles using surface barcodes.
Validated the utility of surface barcoding for determining nanoparticle biodistribution.

Conclusions:

Surface-based DNA barcoding is a viable method for nanoparticle biodistribution studies.
Chemical modification and polymer shielding enhance DNA stability on nanoparticle surfaces.
This approach facilitates in vivo screening of nanoparticle formulations for targeted applications.