Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Vision01:24

Vision

59.4K
Vision is the result of light being detected and transduced into neural signals by the retina of the eye. This information is then further analyzed and interpreted by the brain. First, light enters the front of the eye and is focused by the cornea and lens onto the retina—a thin sheet of neural tissue lining the back of the eye. Because of refraction through the convex lens of the eye, images are projected onto the retina upside-down and reversed.
59.4K
Association Areas of the Cortex01:21

Association Areas of the Cortex

8.9K
Association areas are regions of the cerebral cortex that do not have a specific sensory or motor function. Instead, they integrate and interpret information from various sources to enable higher cognitive processes such as memory, learning, and decision-making. Some key association areas include the following:
Prefrontal Association Area: This area is located in the frontal lobe and is involved in planning, decision-making, and moderating social behavior. It connects with primary motor areas,...
8.9K
Anatomy of the Eyeball01:20

Anatomy of the Eyeball

9.4K
The eye is a spherical, hollow structure composed of three tissue layers. The outer layer — the fibrous tunic, comprises the sclera — a white structure — and the cornea, which is transparent. The sclera encompasses some of the ocular surface, most of which is not visible. However, the 'white of the eye' is distinctively visible in humans compared to other species. The cornea, a clear covering at the front of the eye, enables light penetration. The eye's middle...
9.4K
Lobes of the Cerebrum01:22

Lobes of the Cerebrum

4.1K
The cerebral cortex, a critical structure of the brain, is intricately divided into two hemispheres, each consisting of four distinct lobes: occipital, temporal, frontal, and parietal. These lobes function cooperatively to regulate various cognitive and sensory functions, forming the basis of our complex neural capabilities.
Frontal lobe
The frontal lobes, located behind the forehead, are the command center of our brain, controlling personality, intelligence, and voluntary muscle movements....
4.1K
The Cochlea01:13

The Cochlea

50.5K
The cochlea is a coiled structure in the inner ear that contains hair cells—the sensory receptors of the auditory system. Sound waves are transmitted to the cochlea by small bones attached to the eardrum called the ossicles, which vibrate the oval window that leads to the inner ear. This causes fluid in the chambers of the cochlea to move, vibrating the basilar membrane.
50.5K
Time and frequency -Domain Interpretation of Phase-lag Control01:21

Time and frequency -Domain Interpretation of Phase-lag Control

393
Phase-lag controllers are widely used in control systems to improve stability and reduce steady-state errors. A dimmer switch controlling the brightness of a light bulb serves as a practical example of phase-lag control, gradually adjusting the bulb's brightness. Mathematically, phase-lag control or low-pass filtering is represented when the factor 'a' is less than 1.
Phase-lag controllers do not place a pole at zero, but instead influence the steady-state error by amplifying any...
393

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Homotypic dendritic interactions constrain growth and receptor distribution in Drosophila T4 neurons without affecting orientation or function.

Development (Cambridge, England)·2026
Same author

Population Morphology Implies a Common Developmental Blueprint for <i>Drosophila</i> Motion Detectors.

bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology·2025
Same author

Polyadic synapses introduce unique wiring architectures in T5 cells of Drosophila.

PloS one·2025
Same author

Columnar cholinergic neurotransmission onto T5 cells of Drosophila.

Current biology : CB·2025
Same author

Biased cell adhesion organizes the Drosophila visual motion integration circuit.

Developmental cell·2024
Same author

An open platform for visual stimulation of insects.

PloS one·2024
Same journal

Hierarchical learning creates invariant schema within plastic neural networks.

Journal of computational neuroscience·2026
Same journal

Intrinsic chaos control in cortical circuits: A minimal E-I-M rate model for primary visual cortex.

Journal of computational neuroscience·2026
Same journal

Modeling developmental spiking behavior driven by ionic current dynamics of mouse and human inner hair cells using a calcium-enhanced Izhikevich framework.

Journal of computational neuroscience·2026
Same journal

A biophysically grounded model of glutamatergic synaptic transmission integrating glutamate transport, receptor kinetics, and electrotonic effects.

Journal of computational neuroscience·2026
Same journal

When can neuronal activity-dependent homeostatic plasticity maintain circuit-level properties?

Journal of computational neuroscience·2026
Same journal

A charge conservative finite volume discretization of the Hodgkin-Huxley model.

Journal of computational neuroscience·2026
See all related articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 16, 2026

Dissection, Immunohistochemistry and Mounting of Larval and Adult Drosophila Brains for Optic Lobe Visualization
11:29

Dissection, Immunohistochemistry and Mounting of Larval and Adult Drosophila Brains for Optic Lobe Visualization

Published on: April 28, 2021

5.1K

Differential temporal filtering in the fly optic lobe.

Alexander Borst1

  • 1Max Planck Institute for Biological Intelligence, Martinsried, Germany. alexander.borst@bi.mpg.de.

Journal of Computational Neuroscience
|September 26, 2025
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

The fly optic lobe

Keywords:
BiophysicsNeural dynamicsVisual system – connectome

More Related Videos

Automated Charting of the Visual Space of Housefly Compound Eyes
08:34

Automated Charting of the Visual Space of Housefly Compound Eyes

Published on: March 31, 2022

2.3K
Purification of Low-abundant Cells in the Drosophila Visual System
07:09

Purification of Low-abundant Cells in the Drosophila Visual System

Published on: September 26, 2018

6.6K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jan 16, 2026

Dissection, Immunohistochemistry and Mounting of Larval and Adult Drosophila Brains for Optic Lobe Visualization
11:29

Dissection, Immunohistochemistry and Mounting of Larval and Adult Drosophila Brains for Optic Lobe Visualization

Published on: April 28, 2021

5.1K
Automated Charting of the Visual Space of Housefly Compound Eyes
08:34

Automated Charting of the Visual Space of Housefly Compound Eyes

Published on: March 31, 2022

2.3K
Purification of Low-abundant Cells in the Drosophila Visual System
07:09

Purification of Low-abundant Cells in the Drosophila Visual System

Published on: September 26, 2018

6.6K

Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Computational Neuroscience
  • Insect Vision

Background:

  • Visual interneurons exhibit diverse dynamic responses (sustained to transient) to luminance changes.
  • The mechanisms generating these response dynamics in the fly optic lobe remain unclear.
  • Understanding these dynamics is crucial for computations like motion detection.

Purpose of the Study:

  • Investigate the mechanisms underlying diverse dynamic responses in fly optic lobe interneurons.
  • Determine the role of intrinsic membrane properties in shaping neuronal dynamics.
  • Identify the specific neuronal populations responsible for generating these dynamics.

Main Methods:

  • Simulated a network of 5 adjacent optical columns in the fly optic lobe, comprising 65 cell types.
  • Modeled neurons as single-compartment, conductance-based elements with known connectivity and transmitter types.
  • Incorporated voltage-dependent conductances and adjusted input/output gains to match experimental receptive field properties.

Main Results:

  • Successfully simulated diverse sustained and transient responses in interneurons, matching experimental data.
  • The fit critically depended on the presence of an H-current in lamina cells L1 and L2.
  • Removing the H-current abolished transient responses, leaving only sustained responses.

Conclusions:

  • Diverse dynamic response behaviors in fly optic lobe columnar neurons originate in the lamina.
  • Intrinsic membrane properties, particularly the H-current, are key determinants of neuronal dynamics.
  • Predicts that hyperpolarization-activated current manipulation will impact medulla neuron dynamics and higher-order functions like direction-selectivity.