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Necrotizing Enterocolitis: A Comprehensive Review on Toll-like Receptor 4-Mediated Pathophysiology, Clinical, and

Asuka Ishiyama1, Hee-Seong Jang2, Jay M Dintaman3

  • 1Department of Pediatric General and Urogenital Surgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Tokyo 113-8421, Japan.

Biomedicines
|September 27, 2025
PubMed
Abstract

Keywords:
dysbiosisenteric nervous systemformula feedingimmune cellsinflammationintestinal barriermicrobiomenecrotizing enterocolitispreterm infantsprobioticstoll-like receptor 4

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