How to Perform Cardiac Contrast-Enhanced Ultrasound (cCEUS): Part II-Advanced Applications and Interpretation

Area of Science:

• Cardiology
• Medical Imaging
• Echocardiography

Background:

• Ultrasound enhancing agents (UEAs), previously known as contrast agents, have significantly advanced echocardiographic diagnostics.
• UEAs improve the detection of myocardial disease, masses, and perfusion abnormalities.

Purpose of the Study:

• To provide updated guidance on contrast-enhanced ultrasound (CEUS) procedures and interpretations in echocardiography.
• To establish a standardized approach for various indications, incorporating technical aspects, pre-assessment, scan planes, and reporting.

Main Methods:

• This review synthesizes current recommendations from imaging societies and recent major study results.
• It builds upon a previous publication (part 1) covering UEAs, imaging methods, patient preparation, and LV function assessment.

Main Results:

• A standardized protocol for CEUS examinations in clinical echocardiography has been developed.
• Guidance covers technical execution, interpretation, and reporting for diverse clinical scenarios.

Conclusions:

• This comprehensive compendium offers state-of-the-art advice on performing CEUS examinations.
• It also provides recommendations on education, qualification, and quality control for CEUS practitioners.