Biocompatibility of CAD/CAM Milled Dental Restorative Materials: A Systematic Review from In Vitro Studies

The introduction of new materials for fixed dental prostheses (FDPs) necessitates the demonstration of excellent physical and mechanical properties alongside biocompatibility to fulfill their intended function. This systematic literature review sought to assess studies that compare the biocompatibility and toxicity of CAD/CAM milling dental materials. PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science were screened to locate English-language, full-text articles published between 1 January 2014, and 31 October 2024. Initially, 1050 records were identified, and after a thorough screening, 78 full texts were evaluated, resulting in the inclusion of 33 studies. The reports were heterogeneous regarding materials, cell lines, and methodologies; thus, comparisons were made within studies rather than between them. The majority of the reviewed studies indicated that CAD/CAM milled materials generally exhibited lower toxicity than conventionally fabricated materials. Additionally, several novel experimental CAD/CAM materials demonstrated promising biocompatibility results.