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Site-targeted drug delivery systems enhance therapeutic efficacy while minimizing systemic toxicity and treatment costs. Unlike conventional methods, these systems ensure precise drug delivery, improving bioavailability and reducing side effects. Targeted drug delivery is classified into three levels. First-order targeting directs drugs to the capillary beds of specific organs or tissues. Second-order targets specific cell types, such as tumor cells, using receptor-mediated interactions.
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Peptide-Based Inorganic Nanoparticles as Efficient Intracellular Delivery Systems.

Amir Nasrolahi Shirazi1, Rajesh Vadlapatla1, Ajoy Koomer1

  • 1Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Marshall B. Ketchum University, 2575 Yorba Linda Blvd., Fullerton, CA 92831, USA.

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|September 27, 2025
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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Peptide-based inorganic nanoparticles (PINPs) offer advanced intracellular delivery by combining metal cores with peptides. These versatile nanocarriers show promise for targeted drug delivery and diagnostics.

Keywords:
drug delivery systemsgadolinium nanoparticlesgold nanoparticlesinorganic nanoparticlespeptide nanoparticlesselenium nanoparticles

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Area of Science:

  • Nanotechnology
  • Materials Science
  • Biomedical Engineering

Background:

  • Peptide-based inorganic nanoparticles (PINPs) are hybrid nanostructures combining metal cores with peptides.
  • They offer unique structural and functional attributes for intracellular delivery.
  • Peptides provide biocompatibility, targeting specificity, and stimulus-responsive drug release.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review synthesis, functionalization, and characterization of PINPs.
  • To highlight the role of diverse peptide classes in PINP design.
  • To explore the potential of PINPs in drug delivery and nanomedicine.

Main Methods:

  • Review of green, peptide-mediated one-pot synthesis approaches.
  • Discussion of functionalization strategies like thiol-gold bonds and click chemistries.
  • Overview of characterization techniques including TEM, DLS, and FTIR.

Main Results:

  • PINPs enable targeted drug delivery with imaging/theranostic capabilities.
  • They improve drug stability and cellular uptake.
  • Peptide programmability allows for precision nanomedicine applications.

Conclusions:

  • PINPs are multifunctional platforms with significant potential for drug delivery and diagnostics.
  • Challenges include in vivo stability, immunogenicity, and standardization.
  • Further research is needed to address these challenges for clinical translation.