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Stimuli-Responsive Cationic Lyotropic Liquid Crystalline Nanoparticles: Formulation Process, Physicochemical and

Maria Chountoulesi¹, Natassa Pippa¹, Varvara Chrysostomou^1,2

¹Section of Pharmaceutical Technology, Department of Pharmacy, School of Health Sciences, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Panepistimioupolis Zografou, 15771 Athens, Greece.

|September 27, 2025

Summary

Cationic lyotropic liquid crystalline nanoparticles were formulated using phytantriol lipid and a novel block copolymer. These nanocarriers show stimuli-responsive properties, high loading capacity, and potential for pharmaceutical applications.

Keywords:

DMAEMA cryo-TEM cubosomes drug delivery nanosystems lyotropic liquid crystals pH-responsive phytantriol resveratrol tri-phenyl-phosphine cation (TPP)

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Area of Science:

Nanotechnology
Materials Science
Biophysics

Background:

Lyotropic liquid crystalline nanoparticles offer advanced drug delivery with unique internal structures.
Phytantriol lipid-based nanoparticles are explored for their potential in drug delivery systems.

Purpose of the Study:

To formulate cationic non-lamellar lyotropic-lipidic liquid crystalline nanoparticles using phytantriol lipid.
To characterize the physicochemical properties and stimuli-responsiveness of these nanoparticles.
To evaluate their potential for drug delivery applications, specifically incorporating resveratrol.

Main Methods:

Formulation of nanoparticles using phytantriol lipid and a poly(2-(dimethylamino)ethyl methacrylate)-b-poly(lauryl methacrylate) block copolymer stabilizer.
Characterization using light scattering techniques and fluorescence spectroscopy.
Morphological analysis via cryo-transmission electron microscopy (cryo-TEM).
Incorporation and entrapment efficiency assessment of resveratrol.

Main Results:

Nanoparticle properties depend on lipid type and polymer stabilizer architecture.
Demonstrated stealth properties towards proteins.
Exhibited stimuli-responsive behavior and high entrapment efficiency for resveratrol.
Cryo-TEM revealed expanded internal three-dimensional structures.

Conclusions:

The developed liquid crystalline nanoparticles possess high cationic potential and loading capacity.
Stimuli-responsive nature and intriguing 3D structures make them suitable for pharmaceutical applications.
These nanocarriers represent a promising platform for advanced drug delivery systems.