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AFTERSCHOOL CONNECTEDNESS, RACIAL-ETHNIC IDENTITY, AFFIRMATION, AND PROBLEM BEHAVIORS.

Danielle A Augustine1, Emilie P Smith2, Dawn P Witherspoon3

  • 1University of Georgia.

Journal of Youth Development : Bridging Research and Practice
|September 29, 2025
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Afterschool programs can reduce problem behaviors in African American children by fostering a positive racial-ethnic identity. Feeling connected to staff and peers in these programs promotes identity affirmation, leading to fewer behavioral issues.

Keywords:
African American childrenafterschool connectednessproblem behaviorsracial-ethnic affirmationracial-ethnic identity

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Area of Science:

  • Child Development
  • Psychology
  • Sociology

Background:

  • Afterschool programs can support positive youth development (PYD) and reduce problem behaviors in African American children.
  • Fostering an affirming racial-ethnic identity is a potential mechanism through which afterschool programs influence behavior.
  • Little is known about how afterschool settings cultivate identity and subsequently reduce problem behaviors.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the association between afterschool connectedness, racial-ethnic identity affirmation, and problem behaviors among African American children.
  • To examine if racial-ethnic affirmation mediates the relationship between connectedness and problem behaviors.

Main Methods:

  • 186 African American children (ages 7-11) participated in the LEGACY Together Afterschool research project.
  • Data were collected across 55 community-based afterschool programs using child self-report surveys.
  • Statistical analyses examined the mediating role of racial-ethnic affirmation.

Main Results:

  • Child-reported connectedness to staff and peers in afterschool programs was directly related to positive racial-ethnic affirmation.
  • Positive racial-ethnic affirmation mediated the association between afterschool connectedness and reduced problem behaviors.
  • Feeling safe and happy in afterschool settings was linked to both identity affirmation and fewer behavioral issues.

Conclusions:

  • Supportive afterschool programs that nurture meaningful staff-child interactions are crucial for promoting positive youth development.
  • Enhancing children's sense of belonging and affirming their identities can mitigate problem behaviors.
  • These findings highlight the importance of creating affirming environments within afterschool settings.