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Related Concept Videos

Sleep Apnea01:21

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Sleep apnea is a condition where breathing stops intermittently during sleep, often leading to significant health issues. Each episode can last from 10 to 20 seconds or more and is frequently accompanied by a brief arousal from sleep. This disturbance, largely unnoticed by the individual, can lead to severe daytime fatigue. Commonly, individuals seek help after being informed by their partners about loud snoring and noticeable breathing pauses during sleep.
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Severe obstructive sleep apnea phenotypes by cluster analysis based on multiple organs function.

Yan Zhou1, Jian Yu2, Peng Li3

  • 1Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Affiliated Hospital of Guilin Medical University, Guilin, 541001, Guangxi, China.

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|September 29, 2025
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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Severe obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) presents distinct clinical phenotypes. Middle-aged men with severe OSA often exhibit worse systemic conditions, including cardiovascular and metabolic issues, compared to women.

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Area of Science:

  • Sleep Medicine
  • Cardiology
  • Metabolic Disorders

Background:

  • Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is a complex disorder with potential cardiovascular and metabolic comorbidities.
  • Current diagnostic guidelines for OSA primarily focus on the respiratory system, potentially overlooking multi-organ involvement.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To identify distinct clinical phenotypes of severe OSA using a comprehensive, multi-organ assessment.
  • To explore the utility of cluster analysis in understanding OSA heterogeneity.

Main Methods:

  • K-medoids cluster analysis was applied to data from 503 severe OSA patients.
  • Data included demographic, anthropometric, blood pressure, liver/renal function, lipid profiles, glucose levels, and sleep study parameters (AI, HI, AHI, lowest SaO2).
  • Prevalence of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and carotid atherosclerosis (CAS) were assessed.

Main Results:

  • Two clusters emerged: Cluster 1 (136 middle-aged women) and Cluster 2 (367 middle-aged men).
  • Cluster 2 (men) showed higher apnea index (AI), apnea-hypopnea index (AHI), BMI, neck/waist circumferences, fasting glucose, and prevalence of NAFLD and CAS.
  • Cluster 2 also exhibited decreased liver and renal function and a lower hypopnea index (HI) compared to Cluster 1.

Conclusions:

  • Severe OSA exhibits identifiable phenotypes based on multi-organ function, necessitating a broader assessment approach.
  • Middle-aged men with severe OSA are more prone to systemic complications, including NAFLD and CAS, than women.
  • Physicians should consider these sex-based differences in systemic involvement when managing severe OSA patients.