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Related Concept Videos

Chromatin Structure Regulates pre-mRNA Processing02:41

Chromatin Structure Regulates pre-mRNA Processing

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In eukaryotic cells, nascent mRNA transcripts need to undergo many post-transcriptional modifications to reach the cell cytoplasm and translate into functional proteins. For a long time, transcription and pre-mRNA processing were considered two independent events that occur sequentially in the cell. However, it has now been well established that transcription and pre-mRNA processing are two simultaneous processes that are precisely regulated inside the cell.
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The basic structure of RNA consists of a string of ribonucleotides attached by phosphodiester bonds. Although most RNA is single-stranded, it can form complex secondary and tertiary structures. Such structures play essential roles in the regulation of transcription and translation.
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The basic structure of RNA consists of a five-carbon sugar and one of four nitrogenous bases. Although most RNA is single-stranded, it can form complex secondary and tertiary structures. Such structures play essential roles in the regulation of transcription and translation.
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Translational Regulation

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Translational regulation in prokaryotes ensures efficient protein synthesis by controlling ribosome access to mRNA. This regulation is mediated by secondary RNA structures, including translational riboswitches, RNA thermometers, and small RNAs (sRNAs), which respond to intracellular and environmental signals to modulate gene expression.Translational RiboswitchesRiboswitches in the leader region of mRNAs can regulate translation by altering the accessibility of the Shine-Dalgarno (SD) sequence,...
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Riboswitches01:56

Riboswitches

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Riboswitches are non-coding mRNA domains that regulate the transcription and translation of downstream genes without the help of proteins. Riboswitches bind directly to a metabolite and can form unique stem-loop or hairpin structures in response to the amount of the metabolite present. They have two distinct regions – a metabolite-binding aptamer and an expression platform.
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The gene expression in cells is regulated at different stages: (i) transcription, (ii) RNA processing, (iii) RNA localization, and (iv) translation. Transcriptional regulation is mediated by regulatory proteins such as transcription factors, activators, or repressors—these control gene expression by initiating or inhibiting the transcription of genes. Once a precursor or pre-mRNA is produced, it undergoes post-transcriptional modification, including 5' capping, splicing, and the...
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Updated: Jan 16, 2026

Single-Molecule Fluorescence Visualization of DNA Polymerase Dynamics at G-Quadruplexes
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G-quadruplex structural motifs modulate protein-RNA interactions within the transcriptome.

Uditi Bhatt1,2, Cameron W Evans1,2,3, Anne Cucchiarini4

  • 1School of Molecular Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA, 6009, Australia.

Genome Biology
|October 1, 2025
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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

G-quadruplexes (G4s) regulate binding of the Fused in Sarcoma (FUS) protein to RNA. This finding highlights the role of RNA secondary structures in FUS-protein interactions and disease.

Keywords:
FUSFused in sarcomaG-quadruplexG4 RIP-seqRNA secondary structure

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Area of Science:

  • Molecular Biology
  • Genomics
  • Biochemistry

Background:

  • RNA secondary structures, such as G-quadruplexes (G4s), are crucial in protein-RNA interactions.
  • The Fused in Sarcoma (FUS) protein, linked to neurodegenerative diseases and cancer, binds GU-rich RNA sequences.
  • A specific consensus motif for FUS-RNA binding remains undetermined.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the role of G-quadruplexes (G4s) in FUS-RNA binding.
  • To test the hypothesis that G4 structures are key in FUS binding.

Main Methods:

  • Developed an RNA immunoprecipitation sequencing (RIP-seq) protocol.
  • Performed RIP-seq under G4-stabilizing and non-stabilizing conditions.

Main Results:

  • G-quadruplexes (G4s) were found to regulate FUS binding to target RNAs.
  • New insights into FUS-RNA binding motifs were obtained.
  • The importance of RNA secondary structures in regulating protein interactions was reinforced.

Conclusions:

  • The study advances understanding of FUS-RNA binding dynamics.
  • Findings may aid in identifying therapeutic targets for FUS-related pathologies, including neurodegenerative diseases.